मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-17
वैश्यान मागधवैदेहौ क्षत्रियात सूत एव तु ।
प्रतीपमेते जायन्ते परेऽप्यपसदास्त्रयः ॥१७॥
प्रतीपमेते जायन्ते परेऽप्यपसदास्त्रयः ॥१७॥
17. vaiśyān māgadhavaidehau kṣatriyāt sūta eva tu ,
pratīpamete jāyante pare'pyapasadāstrayaḥ.
pratīpamete jāyante pare'pyapasadāstrayaḥ.
17.
vaiśyāt māgadhavaiadehau kṣatriyāt sūtaḥ eva tu
pratīpam ete jāyante pare api apasadāḥ trayaḥ
pratīpam ete jāyante pare api apasadāḥ trayaḥ
17.
vaiśyāt māgadhavaiadehau kṣatriyāt sūtaḥ eva tu
ete pare api trayaḥ apasadāḥ pratīpam jāyante
ete pare api trayaḥ apasadāḥ pratīpam jāyante
17.
From a Vaiśya man, the Māgadha and Vaideha are born; and from a Kṣatriya man, indeed, the Sūta. These three other degraded ones are also born in a *pratiloma* (reverse) manner.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वैश्यात् (vaiśyāt) - from a vaiśya (man)
- मागधवैअदेहौ (māgadhavaiadehau) - Māgadha (son of Vaiśya and Kṣatriya woman) and Vaideha (son of Vaiśya and Brāhmaṇa woman) in a *pratiloma* union (the Māgadha and the Vaideha (dual))
- क्षत्रियात् (kṣatriyāt) - from a kṣatriya (man)
- सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (born from a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother in a *pratiloma* union) (the Sūta (a specific mixed caste))
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
- तु (tu) - but, and, indeed
- प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - in a *pratiloma* manner (in reverse order, against the grain, contrary)
- एते (ete) - these
- जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born
- परे (pare) - others, the others, subsequent ones
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - degraded ones, outcastes, vile
- त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
Words meanings and morphology
वैश्यात् (vaiśyāt) - from a vaiśya (man)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of vaiśya
vaiśya - a vaiśya (the third of the four main varnas)
Note: Indicates the father (source).
मागधवैअदेहौ (māgadhavaiadehau) - Māgadha (son of Vaiśya and Kṣatriya woman) and Vaideha (son of Vaiśya and Brāhmaṇa woman) in a *pratiloma* union (the Māgadha and the Vaideha (dual))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of māgadhavaiadeha
māgadhavaiadeha - Māgadha (son of Vaiśya and Kṣatriya woman) and Vaideha (son of Vaiśya and Brāhmaṇa woman)
Dvandva compound of Māgadha and Vaideha.
Compound type : dvandva (māgadha+vaideha)
- māgadha – a native of Magadha; a mixed caste (son of Vaiśya and Kṣatriya woman)
proper noun (masculine) - vaideha – a native of Videha; a mixed caste (son of Vaiśya and Brāhmaṇa woman)
proper noun (masculine)
क्षत्रियात् (kṣatriyāt) - from a kṣatriya (man)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya
kṣatriya - a kṣatriya (the second of the four main varnas)
Note: Indicates the father (source).
सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (born from a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother in a *pratiloma* union) (the Sūta (a specific mixed caste))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta
sūta - Sūta (a specific mixed caste, typically born from a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother); charioteer, bard
Past Passive Participle
From sū (to bear, generate). Here, a caste name.
Root: sū (class 2)
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle.
तु (tu) - but, and, indeed
(indeclinable)
प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) - in a *pratiloma* manner (in reverse order, against the grain, contrary)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial usage.
एते (ete) - these
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Note: Refers to the Māgadha, Vaideha, and Sūta.
जायन्ते (jāyante) - are born
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jan
Root jan (4th class), middle voice, present tense.
Root: jan (class 4)
परे (pare) - others, the others, subsequent ones
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of para
para - other, different, subsequent, supreme
Note: Refers to the three castes mentioned, in addition to others previously discussed.
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - degraded ones, outcastes, vile
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of apasada
apasada - degraded, outcast, vile person
Prefix: apa
Root: sad (class 1)
त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tri
tri - three
Note: Qualifies 'apasadāḥ'.