मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-10, verse-57
वर्णापेतमविज्ञातं नरं कलुषयोनिजम ।
आर्यरूपमिवानार्यं कर्मभिः स्वैर्विभावयेत ॥५७॥
आर्यरूपमिवानार्यं कर्मभिः स्वैर्विभावयेत ॥५७॥
57. varṇāpetamavijñātaṁ naraṁ kaluṣayonijam ,
āryarūpamivānāryaṁ karmabhiḥ svairvibhāvayet.
āryarūpamivānāryaṁ karmabhiḥ svairvibhāvayet.
57.
varṇāpetam avijñātam naram kaluṣayonijam
āryarūpam iva anāryam karmabhiḥ svaiḥ vibhāvayet
āryarūpam iva anāryam karmabhiḥ svaiḥ vibhāvayet
57.
(kaścit) varṇāpetam avijñātam kaluṣayonijam āryarūpam
iva anāryam naram svaiḥ karmabhiḥ vibhāvayet
iva anāryam naram svaiḥ karmabhiḥ vibhāvayet
57.
One should discern a man who has fallen from his (social) class (varṇa), who is unknown, born of a defiled womb, and who, though appearing like an ārya, is actually a non-ārya, by his own actions (karma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वर्णापेतम् (varṇāpetam) - fallen from one's social class (varṇa), deprived of `varṇa`
- अविज्ञातम् (avijñātam) - unknown, unrecognized, not understood
- नरम् (naram) - a man
- कलुषयोनिजम् (kaluṣayonijam) - born of a defiled womb, of impure origin
- आर्यरूपम् (āryarūpam) - having the appearance of an ārya, with an ārya-like form
- इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were
- अनार्यम् (anāryam) - non-ārya, ignoble, despicable
- कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by actions, by deeds
- स्वैः (svaiḥ) - by one's own, by their own
- विभावयेत् (vibhāvayet) - one should discern, recognize, identify
Words meanings and morphology
वर्णापेतम् (varṇāpetam) - fallen from one's social class (varṇa), deprived of `varṇa`
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of varṇāpeta
varṇāpeta - fallen from (his) social class (varṇa), outcast
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṇa+apeta)
- varṇa – colour, social class (varṇa)
noun (masculine)
Root: vṛ (class 9) - apeta – gone away, abandoned, deprived of
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From 'apa-i' (to go away)
Prefix: apa
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Qualifies 'naram'
अविज्ञातम् (avijñātam) - unknown, unrecognized, not understood
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of avijñāta
avijñāta - unknown, not recognized
Past Passive Participle
Derived from 'a-vi-jñā' (not known)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+vijñāta)
- a – not, non
indeclinable
Negative prefix - vijñāta – known, understood, recognized
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From 'vi-jñā' (to know clearly)
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Qualifies 'naram'
नरम् (naram) - a man
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, person
Root: nṛ
Note: Direct object of 'vibhāvayet'
कलुषयोनिजम् (kaluṣayonijam) - born of a defiled womb, of impure origin
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of kaluṣayonija
kaluṣayonija - born of an impure womb, of base origin
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaluṣa+yoni+ja)
- kaluṣa – foul, impure, defiled
adjective (masculine)
Root: kal (class 1) - yoni – womb, source, origin
noun (feminine)
Root: yu (class 1) - ja – born, produced
adjective (masculine)
verbal adjective
Suffix 'ja' derived from root 'jan' (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Qualifies 'naram'
आर्यरूपम् (āryarūpam) - having the appearance of an ārya, with an ārya-like form
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of āryarūpa
āryarūpa - having the appearance of an ārya
Compound type : karmadhāraya (ārya+rūpa)
- ārya – noble, respectable, ārya
noun (masculine) - rūpa – form, appearance, beauty
noun (neuter)
Root: rūp (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'naram'
इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were
(indeclinable)
Particle of comparison
अनार्यम् (anāryam) - non-ārya, ignoble, despicable
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of anārya
anārya - not an ārya, ignoble
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+ārya)
- an – not, non
indeclinable
Negative prefix - ārya – noble, respectable, ārya
noun (masculine)
Note: Qualifies 'naram' (describing his true nature)
कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by actions, by deeds
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of karma
karma - action, deed, work, (karma)
Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Instrument of discernment
स्वैः (svaiḥ) - by one's own, by their own
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of sva
sva - own, one's own
Note: Qualifies 'karmabhiḥ'
विभावयेत् (vibhāvayet) - one should discern, recognize, identify
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū
Causative form of 'bhū' + 'vi'
Prefix: vi
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Implied subject is 'one'