महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-99

ये च केचन राजानः पृथिव्यां योद्धुमागताः ।
वैकर्तनं हतं दृष्ट्वा किमभाषन्त संजय ॥९९॥

99. ye ca kecana rājānaḥ pṛthivyāṁ yoddhumāgatāḥ ,
vaikartanaṁ hataṁ dṛṣṭvā kimabhāṣanta saṁjaya.

99. ye ca kecana rājānaḥ pṛthivyām yoddhum āgatāḥ
vaikartanam hatam dṛṣṭvā kim abhāṣanta saṃjaya

99. saṃjaya ca pṛthivyām yoddhum āgatāḥ ye kecana
rājānaḥ vaikartanam hatam dṛṣṭvā kim abhāṣanta

99. And what did all those kings who had come to fight on earth say, upon seeing Vaikartana (Karṇa) slain, O Saṃjaya?

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those who (who, which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• केचन (kecana) - all those who (some, any, whoever)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - the kings (kings)

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth (on earth, in the world)

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight (to fight, for fighting)

• आगताः (āgatāḥ) - who had come (come, arrived)

• वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Vaikartana (Karṇa), son of Sūrya (Karṇa, son of Kuntī (or Sūrya))

• हतम् (hatam) - slain (killed, slain)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

• किम् (kim) - what

• अभाषन्त (abhāṣanta) - they said (they spoke, they said)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (O Saṃjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yat

yat - who, which, what, that

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

केचन (kecana) - all those who (some, any, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ka-cana

ka-cana - someone, anyone, whoever, whichever

Formed by adding `cana` to the interrogative stem `ka`.

Note: Used to strengthen the universal scope of 'ye'.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - the kings (kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject.

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth (on earth, in the world)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

Note: Indicates location.

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight (to fight, for fighting)

(verb)

infinitive of yudh

Infinitive

From root yudh- (to fight), with suffix -tum.

Root: yudh (class 4)

आगताः (āgatāḥ) - who had come (come, arrived)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

from root gam- (to go) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Vaikartana (Karṇa), son of Sūrya (Karṇa, son of Kuntī (or Sūrya))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - descendant of Vikartana (Sūrya), an epithet of Karṇa

Patronymic from Vikartana (an epithet of the Sun-god, Sūrya).

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā` and qualified by `hatam`.

हतम् (hatam) - slain (killed, slain)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from root han- (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś- (to see), with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Object of `abhāṣanta`.

अभाषन्त (abhāṣanta) - they said (they spoke, they said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect

Third person plural Imperfect middle, with augment 'a'.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (O Saṃjaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Addressed by Dhṛtarāṣṭra.