महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-107

तौ हि वीरौ महेष्वासौ मदर्थे कुरुसत्तमौ ।
भीष्मद्रोणौ हतौ श्रुत्वा को न्वर्थो जीवितेन मे ॥१०७॥

107. tau hi vīrau maheṣvāsau madarthe kurusattamau ,
bhīṣmadroṇau hatau śrutvā ko nvartho jīvitena me.

107. tau hi vīrau maheṣvāsau madarthe kurusattamau
bhīṣmadroṇau hatau śrutvā kaḥ nu arthaḥ jīvitena me

107. hi madarthe tau vīrau maheṣvāsau kurusattamau
bhīṣmadroṇau hatau śrutvā me jīvitena kaḥ nu arthaḥ

107. Indeed, after hearing that those two heroes, the great archers and best among the Kurus—Bhīṣma and Droṇa—have been slain for my sake, what purpose does life hold for me now?

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two (Bhīṣma and Droṇa) (those two, they two)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• वीरौ (vīrau) - two heroes (two heroes, two brave men)

• महेष्वासौ (maheṣvāsau) - two great archers

• मदर्थे (madarthe) - for my sake (for my sake, for my purpose)

• कुरुसत्तमौ (kurusattamau) - the two best among the Kurus (two best among the Kurus)

• भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhīṣma and Droṇa

• हतौ (hatau) - two slain (two killed, two slain)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• कः (kaḥ) - what (who, what)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic interrogative) (indeed, now, therefore (interrogative particle))

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose (purpose, meaning, wealth)

• जीवितेन (jīvitena) - with life (what is the purpose with life, i.e., of living) (with life, by life)

• मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two (Bhīṣma and Droṇa) (those two, they two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma and Droṇa.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

वीरौ (vīrau) - two heroes (two heroes, two brave men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Agrees with tau, maheṣvāsau, kurusattamau, bhīṣmadroṇau, hatau.

महेष्वासौ (maheṣvāsau) - two great archers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with vīrau.

मदर्थे (madarthe) - for my sake (for my sake, for my purpose)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of madartha

madartha - my purpose, my aim

Compound type : tatpurusha (mad+artha)

• mat – my, of me
  pronoun
  Derived from asmad (I)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Often used idiomatically to mean 'for the sake of'.

कुरुसत्तमौ (kurusattamau) - the two best among the Kurus (two best among the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kurusattama

kurusattama - best among the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+sattama)

• kuru – Kuru (a clan/dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix tama

Note: Agrees with vīrau.

भीष्मद्रोणौ (bhīṣmadroṇau) - Bhīṣma and Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhīṣmadroṇa

bhīṣmadroṇa - Bhīṣma and Droṇa

Compound type : dvandva (bhīṣma+droṇa)

• bhīṣma – Bhīṣma (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• droṇa – Droṇa (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of śrutvā.

हतौ (hatau) - two slain (two killed, two slain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with suffix kta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with bhīṣmadroṇau.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix ktvā

Root: śru (class 5)

कः (kaḥ) - what (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic interrogative) (indeed, now, therefore (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - purpose (purpose, meaning, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth

Note: Predicate nominative for kaḥ.

जीवितेन (jīvitena) - with life (what is the purpose with life, i.e., of living) (with life, by life)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (from jīv)

Derived from root jīv (to live) with suffix kta

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case expressing association or purpose.

मे (me) - for me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Enclitic form of mama, dative sense of 'for whom'.