महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
श्रुत्वा कर्णं हतं युद्धे पुत्रांश्चैवापलायिनः ।
नरेन्द्रः किंचिदाश्वस्तो द्विजश्रेष्ठ किमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
śrutvā karṇaṁ hataṁ yuddhe putrāṁścaivāpalāyinaḥ ,
narendraḥ kiṁcidāśvasto dvijaśreṣṭha kimabravīt.

1. janamejaya uvāca | śrutvā karṇaṃ
hataṃ yuddhe putrān ca eva
apalāyinaḥ | narendraḥ kiṃcit
āśvastaḥ dvijaśreṣṭha kim abravīt

1. janamejaya uvāca dvijaśreṣṭha karṇaṃ yuddhe hataṃ putrān ca
eva apalāyinaḥ śrutvā narendraḥ kiṃcit āśvastaḥ kim abravīt

1. Janamejaya asked: "O best among the twice-born (dvija), after hearing that Karna was killed in battle and that his sons did not flee, what did that king, somewhat consoled, then say?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya, the listener to the Mahābhārata narration (Janamejaya (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karna, the great warrior, son of Sūrya and Kuntī (Karna)

• हतं (hataṁ) - killed, struck

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons, the Kauravas (sons)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even

• अपलायिनः (apalāyinaḥ) - not fleeing, not running away

• नरेन्द्रः (narendraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king, ruler of men)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - somewhat, a little, something

• आश्वस्तः (āśvastaḥ) - consoled, comforted, relieved

• द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - Refers to Vaiśampāyana, addressed by Janamejaya (O best among the twice-born)

• किम् (kim) - what

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya, the listener to the Mahābhārata narration (Janamejaya (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive form from root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karna, the great warrior, son of Sūrya and Kuntī (Karna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karna (proper name)

हतं (hataṁ) - killed, struck

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to kill, to slay

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with karṇaṃ.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Derived from root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

पुत्रान् (putrān) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons, the Kauravas (sons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that even his sons did not flee.

अपलायिनः (apalāyinaḥ) - not fleeing, not running away

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of apalāyin

apalāyin - not fleeing, not running away, firm

Negative prefix 'a' + palāyin (from pra-√lā, to flee)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+palāyin)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• palāyin – fleeing, running away
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from pra-√lā
  Prefix: pra
  Root: lā

Note: Agrees with putrān.

नरेन्द्रः (narendraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (king, ruler of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, ruler of men

Compound of nara (man) and indra (lord)

Compound type : şaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - somewhat, a little, something

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies āśvastaḥ.

आश्वस्तः (āśvastaḥ) - consoled, comforted, relieved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśvasta

āśvasta - comforted, consoled, calm

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from ā-√śvas (to breathe easily, to be comforted)

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Agrees with narendraḥ.

द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - Refers to Vaiśampāyana, addressed by Janamejaya (O best among the twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best of the twice-born

Compound of dvija (twice-born) and śreṣṭha (best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: dvi
  Root: jan
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Functions as direct object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular imperfect active from root brū

Root: brū (class 2)