महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-72

एतानि दिवसान्यस्य युद्धे भीतो धनंजयः ।
नागमद्द्वैरथं वीरः स कथं निहतो रणे ॥७२॥

72. etāni divasānyasya yuddhe bhīto dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
nāgamaddvairathaṁ vīraḥ sa kathaṁ nihato raṇe.

72. एतानि दिवसानि अस्य युद्धे भीतः धनंजयः
न आगमत् द्वैरथम् वीरः सः कथम् निहतः रणे

72. एतानि दिवसानि अस्य युद्धे भीतः वीरः
धनंजयः द्वैरथम् न आगमत् सः रणे कथम् निहतः

72. For all these days, the hero Dhananjaya (Arjuna), being afraid of him in battle, did not engage in single chariot combat. How then could such a one (Karṇa) have been killed in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• एतानि (एतानि) - these

• दिवसानि (दिवसानि) - for these many days (accusative of duration) (days)

• अस्य (अस्य) - of Karṇa (the subject being discussed implicitly) (of him, his)

• युद्धे (युद्धे) - in battle, in war

• भीतः (भीतः) - afraid, frightened, fearful

• धनंजयः (धनंजयः) - Arjuna, the third of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Dhananjaya ('conqueror of wealth'))

• न (न) - not, no

• आगमत् (आगमत्) - he did not come (for battle) (he came, he approached, he went)

• द्वैरथम् (द्वैरथम्) - did not engage in single chariot combat with Karṇa (single chariot combat, dual chariot fighting)

• वीरः (वीरः) - referring to Dhananjaya (Arjuna) (hero, brave man, warrior)

• सः (सः) - referring to Karṇa (the implied subject of the question 'How was he killed?') (he, that)

• कथम् (कथम्) - how, in what manner

• निहतः (निहतः) - killed, struck down, slain

• रणे (रणे) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

एतानि (एतानि) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

दिवसानि (दिवसानि) - for these many days (accusative of duration) (days)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of divasa

divasa - day, daytime

अस्य (अस्य) - of Karṇa (the subject being discussed implicitly) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

युद्धे (युद्धे) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

past passive participle (used as noun)

Past Passive Participle from root yudh 'to fight', used as a neuter noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

भीतः (भीतः) - afraid, frightened, fearful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, frightened, fearful

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle from root bhī 'to fear'

Root: bhī (class 3)

धनंजयः (धनंजयः) - Arjuna, the third of the Pāṇḍava brothers (Dhananjaya ('conqueror of wealth'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - Dhananjaya (epithet of Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth')

न (न) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आगमत् (आगमत्) - he did not come (for battle) (he came, he approached, he went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of gam

aorist (luṅ) 3rd person singular active

Root 'gam' (class 1) with prefix 'ā', 3rd sing. aorist active

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

द्वैरथम् (द्वैरथम्) - did not engage in single chariot combat with Karṇa (single chariot combat, dual chariot fighting)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvairatha

dvairatha - a combat between two chariots, single combat in chariots

Note: Used adverbially here as 'for single combat'.

वीरः (वीरः) - referring to Dhananjaya (Arjuna) (hero, brave man, warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

सः (सः) - referring to Karṇa (the implied subject of the question 'How was he killed?') (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (कथम्) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

निहतः (निहतः) - killed, struck down, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, slain, destroyed

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle from root han 'to strike, kill' with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

रणे (रणे) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)