महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-23

तं श्रुत्वा निहतं कर्णं द्वैरथे सव्यसाचिना ।
शोकार्णवे निमग्नोऽहमप्लवः सागरे यथा ॥२३॥

23. taṁ śrutvā nihataṁ karṇaṁ dvairathe savyasācinā ,
śokārṇave nimagno'hamaplavaḥ sāgare yathā.

23. tam śrutvā nihataṃ karṇaṃ dvairathe savyasācinā
| śokārṇave nimagnaḥ aham aplavaḥ sāgare yathā

23. tam karṇaṃ savyasācinā dvairathe nihatam śrutvā,
aham aplavaḥ sāgare yathā śokārṇave nimagnaḥ (asmi).

23. Upon hearing that Karṇa was killed in a duel (dvairathe) by Savyasācin (Arjuna), I became immersed in an ocean of grief, like someone without a boat in the vast sea.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Karṇa) (him, that)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, slain, struck down

• कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karṇa

• द्वैरथे (dvairathe) - in a duel (in single combat, in a duel between two charioteers)

• सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Arjuna (by Savyasācin (Arjuna, 'he who can shoot with the left hand'))

• शोकार्णवे (śokārṇave) - in the ocean of grief

• निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - immersed, plunged

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अप्लवः (aplavaḥ) - without a boat/raft, without support

• सागरे (sāgare) - in the ocean, in the sea

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Karṇa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

root śru + tvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, slain, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down (past passive participle)

Past Passive Participle

ni + root han + kta

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: agrees with Karṇaṃ

कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (a prominent warrior in the Mahābhārata)

द्वैरथे (dvairathe) - in a duel (in single combat, in a duel between two charioteers)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dvairatha

dvairatha - single combat of two chariots, a duel

derived from dvi-ratha

सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Arjuna (by Savyasācin (Arjuna, 'he who can shoot with the left hand'))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - Savyasācin, an epithet of Arjuna (one who can use both hands for archery)

savya (left) + sācin (shooting)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective
• sācin – archer, shooter
  noun (masculine)
  from root sac (to shoot, to throw)
  Root: sac (class 1)

शोकार्णवे (śokārṇave) - in the ocean of grief

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śokārṇava

śokārṇava - ocean of grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+arṇava)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  from root śuc (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

निमग्नः (nimagnaḥ) - immersed, plunged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nimagna

nimagna - immersed, plunged, sunk (past passive participle)

Past Passive Participle

ni + root majj + kta

Prefix: ni

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: agrees with aham

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

अप्लवः (aplavaḥ) - without a boat/raft, without support

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aplava

aplava - without a boat/raft; helpless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+plava)

• a – not, without
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• plava – boat, raft, swimming
  noun (masculine)
  from root plu (to float, swim)
  Root: plu (class 1)

Note: agrees with aham

सागरे (sāgare) - in the ocean, in the sea

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)