महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-89

पराङ्मुखांस्तथा राज्ञः पलायनपरायणान् ।
विद्रुतान्रथिनो दृष्ट्वा मन्ये शोचति पुत्रकः ॥८९॥

89. parāṅmukhāṁstathā rājñaḥ palāyanaparāyaṇān ,
vidrutānrathino dṛṣṭvā manye śocati putrakaḥ.

89. parāṅmukhān tathā rājñaḥ palāyanaparāyaṇān
vidrutān rathinaḥ dṛṣṭvā manye śocati putrakah

89. manye putrakah śocati,
dṛṣṭvā tathā parāṅmukhān palāyanaparāyaṇān rājñaḥ ca vidrutān rathinaḥ.

89. I believe your son (Duryodhana) is now grieving, having seen the kings thus turned away and intent on fleeing, and also the routed charioteers.

Words meanings summery:

• पराङ्मुखान् (parāṅmukhān) - those kings who have turned their backs and are fleeing (those with faces turned away, turned away, retreating)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - kings (accusative plural, referring to the kings as objects of 'having seen') (of a king, by a king, kings (accusative plural))

• पलायनपरायणान् (palāyanaparāyaṇān) - intent on fleeing (intent on fleeing, devoted to flight)

• विद्रुतान् (vidrutān) - routed, fleeing (routed, fled, dispersed)

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers (accusative plural) (charioteers (accusative plural), of a charioteer (genitive singular), a charioteer (nominative singular))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• मन्ये (manye) - I believe (I think, I believe)

• शोचति (śocati) - he is grieving (he grieves, he laments)

• पुत्रकह् (putrakah) - your son (Duryodhana) (son, dear son)

Words meanings and morphology

पराङ्मुखान् (parāṅmukhān) - those kings who have turned their backs and are fleeing (those with faces turned away, turned away, retreating)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face turned away, averted, hostile, adverse, indifferent

Compound: parāc (away) + mukha (face)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (parāc+mukha)

• parāc – turned away, backward, away from
  indeclinable
  prefix/adverb, from `parā` (away) and `añc` (to bend, turn)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: añc (class 1)
• mukha – mouth, face, opening, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies `rājñaḥ`

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - kings (accusative plural, referring to the kings as objects of 'having seen') (of a king, by a king, kings (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

Root: rāj

Note: Can also be genitive singular or nominative plural; accusative plural fits context.

पलायनपरायणान् (palāyanaparāyaṇān) - intent on fleeing (intent on fleeing, devoted to flight)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of palāyanaparāyaṇa

palāyanaparāyaṇa - intent on flight, devoted to fleeing

Compound: palāyana (flight) + parāyaṇa (intent on, devoted to)

Compound type : tatpurusha (palāyana+parāyaṇa)

• palāyana – flight, fleeing, escape
  noun (neuter)
  From `palāy` (to flee) + `ana` suffix
  Prefix: palā
  Root: i (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – final aim, chief object, intent on, devoted to
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: i (class 1)

Note: Modifies `rājñaḥ`

विद्रुतान् (vidrutān) - routed, fleeing (routed, fled, dispersed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vidruta

vidruta - fled, run away, routed, dispersed

Past Passive Participle

From root `dru` (to run) with prefix `vi` + `kta` suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Modifies `rathinaḥ`

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers (accusative plural) (charioteers (accusative plural), of a charioteer (genitive singular), a charioteer (nominative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, owner of a chariot, warrior in a chariot

From `ratha` (chariot) + `in` suffix

Note: This form can be Nominative Singular, Accusative Plural, or Genitive Singular. Context requires Accusative Plural.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `dṛś` (to see) + `ktvā` suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मन्ये (manye) - I believe (I think, I believe)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Tense, Middle Voice

Root `man` (4th class, `manyate`)

Root: man (class 4)

शोचति (śocati) - he is grieving (he grieves, he laments)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Present Tense, Active Voice

Root `śuc` (1st class, `śocati`)

Root: śuc (class 1)

पुत्रकह् (putrakah) - your son (Duryodhana) (son, dear son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - son (often with a sense of endearment or diminution)

`putra` (son) + `ka` (diminutive/affectionate suffix)