महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-73

रथसङ्गो न चेत्तस्य धनुर्वा न व्यशीर्यत ।
न चेदस्त्राणि निर्णेशुः स कथं निहतः परैः ॥७३॥

73. rathasaṅgo na cettasya dhanurvā na vyaśīryata ,
na cedastrāṇi nirṇeśuḥ sa kathaṁ nihataḥ paraiḥ.

73. rathasaṅgaḥ na cet tasya dhanuḥ vā na vyaśīryata
na cet astrāṇi nirṇeśuḥ saḥ katham nihataḥ paraiḥ

73. tasya rathasaṅgaḥ na cet vā dhanuḥ na vyaśīryata
vā astrāṇi na nirṇeśuḥ saḥ paraiḥ katham nihataḥ

73. If his chariot had not been stuck, or his bow had not been shattered, and if his weapons had not been destroyed, then how could he have been killed by his enemies?

Words meanings summery:

• रथसङ्गः (rathasaṅgaḥ) - chariot-stuck, impediment to the chariot

• न (na) - not, no

• चेत् (cet) - if

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• वा (vā) - or

• न (na) - not, no

• व्यशीर्यत (vyaśīryata) - was shattered, was broken, fell apart

• न (na) - not, no

• चेत् (cet) - if

• अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons, missiles

• निर्णेशुः (nirṇeśuḥ) - were destroyed, perished

• सः (saḥ) - he

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, slain

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies, by others

Words meanings and morphology

रथसङ्गः (rathasaṅgaḥ) - chariot-stuck, impediment to the chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathasaṅga

rathasaṅga - sticking of the chariot, entanglement of the chariot, impediment to the chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+saṅga)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• saṅga – sticking, attachment, impediment, obstruction
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sañj

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

व्यशीर्यत (vyaśīryata) - was shattered, was broken, fell apart

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect past (laṅ) of vi-śīr

Passive form of root śṝ (to tear, break)

Prefix: vi

Root: śṝ (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons, missiles

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon, missile

निर्णेशुः (nirṇeśuḥ) - were destroyed, perished

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, aorist past (luṅ) of nis-naś

Aorist 3rd Plural of root naś with prefix nis.

Prefix: nis

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: The 'ṇ' is due to retroflexion from 'nis' prefix.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ni-hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies, by others

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, supreme, enemy