महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-2

प्राप्तवान्परमं दुःखं पुत्रव्यसनजं महत् ।
तस्मिन्यदुक्तवान्काले तन्ममाचक्ष्व पृच्छतः ॥२॥

2. prāptavānparamaṁ duḥkhaṁ putravyasanajaṁ mahat ,
tasminyaduktavānkāle tanmamācakṣva pṛcchataḥ.

2. prāptavān paramaṃ duḥkhaṃ putravyasanajaṃ mahat |
tasmin yat uktavān kāle tat mama ācakṣva pṛcchataḥ

2. putravyasanajaṃ mahat paramaṃ duḥkhaṃ prāptavān
tasmin kāle yat uktavān tat pṛcchataḥ mama ācakṣva

2. (He, Dhṛtarāṣṭra) had experienced supreme sorrow, a great distress born from the misfortune of his sons. Please tell me, who am asking, what he said at that particular time.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) experienced or endured (he obtained, he reached, he experienced)

• परमं (paramaṁ) - supreme, highest, utmost

• दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - sorrow, suffering, misery

• पुत्रव्यसनजं (putravyasanajaṁ) - The sorrow caused by the death and defeat of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons. (born from the misfortune of sons, caused by the calamity of sons)

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, at that

• यत् (yat) - what, which, that

• उक्तवान् (uktavān) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) said (he said, having said)

• काले (kāle) - At that particular critical time (after Karna's death) (in time, at the time)

• तत् (tat) - That (which he said) (that, this)

• मम (mama) - to me, my

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - (Janamejaya requests Vaiśampāyana) tell me (tell, narrate, relate)

• पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - To me, who am asking (of one who asks, to one who asks)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राप्तवान् (prāptavān) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) experienced or endured (he obtained, he reached, he experienced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāp

prāp - to obtain, to reach, to attain, to experience

Past Active Participle

Past Active Participle (ktavat) from pra-√āp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with an implied subject (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

परमं (paramaṁ) - supreme, highest, utmost

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

Note: Agrees with duḥkhaṃ.

दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) - sorrow, suffering, misery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering

Note: Object of prāptavān.

पुत्रव्यसनजं (putravyasanajaṁ) - The sorrow caused by the death and defeat of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons. (born from the misfortune of sons, caused by the calamity of sons)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of putravyasanaja

putravyasanaja - born from the calamity of sons

Compound meaning "born from (ja) the calamity (vyasana) of sons (putra)"

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+vyasana+ja)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• vyasana – misfortune, calamity, distress, addiction
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: as (class 4)
• ja – born, produced, causing
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with duḥkhaṃ.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Present active participle of root mah, but functions as adjective

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with duḥkhaṃ.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, at that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Agrees with kāle.

यत् (yat) - what, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - what, which, that

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to the unspoken words.

उक्तवान् (uktavān) - (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) said (he said, having said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vac

vac - to speak, to say, to tell

Past Active Participle

Past Active Participle (ktavat) from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with an implied subject (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

काले (kāle) - At that particular critical time (after Karna's death) (in time, at the time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period

तत् (tat) - That (which he said) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Corresponds to 'yat'. Object of ācakṣva.

मम (mama) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

1st person singular pronoun

Note: Used here in dative sense "to me".

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - (Janamejaya requests Vaiśampāyana) tell me (tell, narrate, relate)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (lot) of ācakṣ

Imperative Middle

2nd person singular imperative middle from ā-√cakṣ (to relate)

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: The 'a' prefix in `ācakṣva` is an upasarga.

पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - To me, who am asking (of one who asks, to one who asks)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prach

prach - to ask, to question

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle (śatṛ) from root prach

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'me' (mama). Genitive used with dative sense.