महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-101

मद्रराजः कथं शल्यो नियुक्तो रथिनां वरः ।
वैकर्तनस्य सारथ्ये तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥१०१॥

101. madrarājaḥ kathaṁ śalyo niyukto rathināṁ varaḥ ,
vaikartanasya sārathye tanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

101. madrarājaḥ katham śalyaḥ niyuktaḥ rathinām varaḥ
vaikartanasya sāratye tat mama ācakṣva sañjaya

101. sañjaya katham madrarājaḥ rathinām varaḥ śalyaḥ
vaikartanasya sāratye niyuktaḥ tat mama ācakṣva

101. O Sañjaya, explain this to me: How was Shalya, the king of Madra and the foremost among charioteers, appointed to act as the charioteer for Vaikartana (Karna)?

Words meanings summery:

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - king of the Madras

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya (king of Madra) (Shalya)

• नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed, assigned, engaged

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers, among charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

• वैकर्तनस्य (vaikartanasya) - of Vaikartana (Karna) (of Vaikartana)

• सारत्ये (sāratye) - in the charioteership, as charioteer

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore

• मम (mama) - to me, my

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya

Words meanings and morphology

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - king of the Madras

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras (a kingdom and its people)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – Madra (a country and its people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya (king of Madra) (Shalya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (a proper name, particularly the king of Madra)

नियुक्तः (niyuktaḥ) - appointed, assigned, engaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyukta

niyukta - appointed, engaged, attached to, assigned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yuj' with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers, among charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest, boon, suitor

वैकर्तनस्य (vaikartanasya) - of Vaikartana (Karna) (of Vaikartana)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vikartana (an epithet of the Sun-god, hence Karna)

Patronymic from Vikartana

सारत्ये (sāratye) - in the charioteership, as charioteer

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sāratya

sāratya - charioteership, the act or office of a charioteer

तत् (tat) - that, therefore

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

मम (mama) - to me, my

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Used here in dative sense 'to me'

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, explain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)