महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-49

शरतल्पे शयानेन भीष्मेण सुमहात्मना ।
पानीयं याचितः पार्थः सोऽविध्यन्मेदिनीतलम् ॥४९॥

49. śaratalpe śayānena bhīṣmeṇa sumahātmanā ,
pānīyaṁ yācitaḥ pārthaḥ so'vidhyanmedinītalam.

49. śaratalpe śayānena bhīṣmeṇa sumahātmanā pānīyam
yācitaḥ pārthaḥ saḥ avidhyat medinītalam

49. śaratalpe śayānena sumahātmanā bhīṣmeṇa pānīyam
yācitaḥ pārthaḥ saḥ medinītalam avidhyat

49. While lying on a bed of arrows, the immensely noble-hearted Bhishma requested water. Partha (Arjuna) then pierced the surface of the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• शरतल्पे (śaratalpe) - on a bed of arrows

• शयानेन (śayānena) - by one lying, while lying

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

• सुमहात्मना (sumahātmanā) - by the immensely great-souled, by the very noble-hearted

• पानीयम् (pānīyam) - water, drinkable

• याचितः (yācitaḥ) - requested, begged

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (Arjuna)

• सः (saḥ) - refers to Partha (Arjuna) (he, that)

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

• मेदिनीतलम् (medinītalam) - the surface of the earth, the ground

Words meanings and morphology

शरतल्पे (śaratalpe) - on a bed of arrows

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śaratalpa

śaratalpa - bed of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+talpa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• talpa – bed, couch
  noun (masculine)

शयानेन (śayānena) - by one lying, while lying

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, sleeping

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śī (to lie down, sleep) + śānac suffix, used actively.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: used here as an adjective modifying Bhishma

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

सुमहात्मना (sumahātmanā) - by the immensely great-souled, by the very noble-hearted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sumahātman

sumahātman - immensely great-souled, very noble-hearted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahātman)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• mahātman – great-souled, noble-hearted (mahā + ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: modifies Bhishma

पानीयम् (pānīyam) - water, drinkable

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pānīya

pānīya - water, drinkable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root pā (to drink) + anīya suffix.

Root: pā (class 1)

याचितः (yācitaḥ) - requested, begged

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yācita

yācita - requested, begged

Past Passive Participle

From root yāc (to ask, request) + kta suffix.

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: modifies Pārthaḥ, indicating he was the one requested (to provide water).

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

सः (saḥ) - refers to Partha (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine nominative singular of tad

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of vidh

Root: vidh (class 6)

मेदिनीतलम् (medinītalam) - the surface of the earth, the ground

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of medinītala

medinītala - earth's surface, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (medinī+tala)

• medinī – earth
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, ground, bottom
  noun (neuter)