महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-5, verse-75

ध्रुवं तस्य धनुश्छिन्नं रथो वापि गतो महीम् ।
अस्त्राणि वा प्रनष्टानि यथा शंससि मे हतम् ।
न ह्यन्यदनुपश्यामि कारणं तस्य नाशने ॥७५॥

75. dhruvaṁ tasya dhanuśchinnaṁ ratho vāpi gato mahīm ,
astrāṇi vā pranaṣṭāni yathā śaṁsasi me hatam ,
na hyanyadanupaśyāmi kāraṇaṁ tasya nāśane.

75. dhruvam tasya dhanuḥ chinnam rathaḥ
vā api gataḥ mahīm astrāṇi vā
pranaṣṭāni yathā śaṃsasi me hatam na hi
anyat anupaśyāmi kāraṇam tasya nāśane

75. yathā me hatam śaṃsasi,
dhruvam tasya dhanuḥ chinnam vā rathaḥ api mahīm gataḥ vā astrāṇi pranaṣṭāni.
hi anyat kāraṇam tasya nāśane na anupaśyāmi

75. Surely, his bow must have been broken, or his chariot must have been overthrown, or his weapons must have been lost, since you report his death to me. Indeed, I perceive no other reason for his destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• छिन्नम् (chinnam) - broken, cut, shattered

• रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - also, even

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, resorted to

• महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, ground

• अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons, missiles

• वा (vā) - or

• प्रनष्टानि (pranaṣṭāni) - destroyed, lost, perished

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

• शंससि (śaṁsasi) - you report, you tell, you relate

• मे (me) - to me, my

• हतम् (hatam) - him killed (Karṇa) (killed, slain)

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another

• अनुपश्यामि (anupaśyāmi) - I see, I perceive, I observe

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• नाशने (nāśane) - in the destruction, in the perishing

Words meanings and morphology

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, surely, fixedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

छिन्नम् (chinnam) - broken, cut, shattered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of chinna

chinna - broken, cut, severed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root chid (to cut, break).

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with dhanuḥ.

रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, resorted to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rathaḥ.

महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons, missiles

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon, missile

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

प्रनष्टानि (pranaṣṭāni) - destroyed, lost, perished

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pra-naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, perished

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root naś (to perish, be lost) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with astrāṇi.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)

शंससि (śaṁsasi) - you report, you tell, you relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Here in dative sense: 'to me'.

हतम् (hatam) - him killed (Karṇa) (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the slain Karṇa (implied).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with kāraṇam.

अनुपश्यामि (anupaśyāmi) - I see, I perceive, I observe

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anu-paś

Present tense, 1st person singular of root dṛś (to see), with prefix anu. The stem is paśya-.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

Root: kṛ

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नाशने (nāśane) - in the destruction, in the perishing

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nāśana

nāśana - destruction, causing to perish

Action noun from causative of root naś (to perish).

Root: naś (class 4)