महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-85, verse-72

रथैर्विपरिधावद्भिर्मनुष्यैश्च हयैश्च ह ।
सैन्यं रजःसमुद्धूतमेतत्संपरिवर्तते ॥७२॥

72. rathairviparidhāvadbhirmanuṣyaiśca hayaiśca ha ,
sainyaṁ rajaḥsamuddhūtametatsaṁparivartate.

72. rathaiḥ viparidhāvadbhiḥ manuṣyaiḥ ca hayaiḥ ca
ha sainyaṃ rajaḥsamuddhūtam etat samparivartate

72. etat rajaḥsamuddhūtam sainyaṃ viparidhāvadbhiḥ
rathaiḥ manuṣyaiḥ ca hayaiḥ ca ha samparivartate

72. This army, stirred up by dust, is moving all around with swiftly moving chariots, men, and horses.

Words meanings summery:

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

• विपरिधावद्भिः (viparidhāvadbhiḥ) - by those running around, by those swiftly moving

• मनुष्यैः (manuṣyaiḥ) - by men, by humans

• च (ca) - and

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

• च (ca) - and

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely

• सैन्यं (sainyaṁ) - army, host

• रजःसमुद्धूतम् (rajaḥsamuddhūtam) - stirred up by dust

• एतत् (etat) - this

• सम्परिवर्तते (samparivartate) - moves all around, revolves, rolls completely

Words meanings and morphology

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

विपरिधावद्भिः (viparidhāvadbhiḥ) - by those running around, by those swiftly moving

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viparidhāvat

viparidhāvat - running around, moving swiftly in all directions

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `dhāv` (to run) with prefixes `vi` and `pari`.

Prefixes: vi+pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rathaiḥ`, `manuṣyaiḥ`, `hayaiḥ`.

मनुष्यैः (manuṣyaiḥ) - by men, by humans

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

ह (ha) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Particle

सैन्यं (sainyaṁ) - army, host

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - belonging to an army, army, host

Derived from `senā` (army).

रजःसमुद्धूतम् (rajaḥsamuddhūtam) - stirred up by dust

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajaḥsamuddhūta

rajaḥsamuddhūta - stirred up by dust

Compound type : tatpurusha (rajas+samuddhūta)

• rajas – dust, dirt, pollen
  noun (neuter)
• samuddhūta – stirred up, agitated, raised
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `dhū` (to shake, agitate) with prefixes `sam` and `ud`.
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Modifies `sainyam`.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `sainyam`.

सम्परिवर्तते (samparivartate) - moves all around, revolves, rolls completely

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Tense, Middle Voice

3rd person singular, present indicative, middle voice. Prefixed with `sam` and `pari`.

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)