महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-85, verse-48

यो हि शैनेय मित्रार्थे युध्यमानस्त्यजेत्तनुम् ।
पृथिवीं वा द्विजातिभ्यो यो दद्यात्सममेव तत् ॥४८॥

48. yo hi śaineya mitrārthe yudhyamānastyajettanum ,
pṛthivīṁ vā dvijātibhyo yo dadyātsamameva tat.

48. yaḥ hi śaineya mitrārthe yudhyamānaḥ tyajet tanum
pṛthivīm vā dvijātibhyaḥ yaḥ dadyāt samam eva tat

48. śaineya hi yaḥ mitrārthe yudhyamānaḥ tanum tyajet
vā yaḥ dvijātibhyaḥ pṛthivīm dadyāt tat samam eva

48. Indeed, O descendant of Śini (Śaineya), whoever, fighting for the sake of a friend, sacrifices his body, or whoever gives the earth to the twice-born (dvijātibhyaḥ), that act is considered equal.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• शैनेय (śaineya) - O descendant of Śini, O Sātyaki

• मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend

• युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - fighting, one who is fighting

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - would abandon, should give up

• तनुम् (tanum) - body

• पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth, ground

• वा (vā) - or

• द्विजातिभ्यः (dvijātibhyaḥ) - to the twice-born, to Brahmins

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - would give, should give

• समम् (samam) - equal, equally

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• तत् (tat) - that, that act

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

शैनेय (śaineya) - O descendant of Śini, O Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - descendant of Śini

Derived from Śini (grandfather of Sātyaki).

मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mitrārtha

mitrārtha - purpose of a friend, friend's benefit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+artha)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

युध्यमानः (yudhyamānaḥ) - fighting, one who is fighting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, engaged in battle

Present Middle Participle

From root yudh (to fight), class 4.

Root: yudh (class 4)

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - would abandon, should give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tyaj

Root: tyaj (class 1)

तनुम् (tanum) - body

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tanu

tanu - body, person, self

पृथिवीम् (pṛthivīm) - earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, world, ground

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

द्विजातिभ्यः (dvijātibhyaḥ) - to the twice-born, to Brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, class
  noun (feminine)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - would give, should give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

समम् (samam) - equal, equally

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, like, even, impartial

Note: Used adverbially here.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, that act

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this