महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-85, verse-15

धृष्टद्युम्नं च पाञ्चाल्यमिदमाह जनाधिप ।
अभिद्रव द्रुतं द्रोणं किं नु तिष्ठसि पार्षत ।
न पश्यसि भयं घोरं द्रोणान्नः समुपस्थितम् ॥१५॥

15. dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ ca pāñcālyamidamāha janādhipa ,
abhidrava drutaṁ droṇaṁ kiṁ nu tiṣṭhasi pārṣata ,
na paśyasi bhayaṁ ghoraṁ droṇānnaḥ samupasthitam.

15. dhṛṣṭadyumnam ca pāñcālyam idam āha
janādhipa abhidrava drutam droṇam
kim nu tiṣṭhasi pārṣata na paśyasi
bhayam ghoram droṇāt naḥ samupasthitam

15. janādhipa,
[saḥ] ca dhṛṣṭadyumnam pāñcālyam idam āha.
pārṣata,
kim nu tiṣṭhasi? drutam droṇam abhidrava! droṇāt naḥ ghoram bhayam samupasthitam na paśyasi?

15. O ruler of the people (Dhritarashtra), he also said this to Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the Pañcāla prince: 'O Pārṣata, why do you stand still? Rush quickly towards Drona! Do you not see the terrible danger that has arisen for us from Drona?'

Words meanings summery:

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - to Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• च (ca) - and

• पाञ्चाल्यम् (pāñcālyam) - to Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the prince of Pañcāla (to the Pañcāla (prince))

• इदम् (idam) - this

• आह (āha) - said

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O Dhritarashtra (O lord of men, O ruler of the people)

• अभिद्रव (abhidrava) - rush towards! attack!

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to Drona

• किम् (kim) - why? what?

• नु (nu) - indeed, then, now

• तिष्ठसि (tiṣṭhasi) - you stand, you wait, you remain

• पार्षत (pārṣata) - O Dhṛṣṭadyumna (O son of Pṛṣata, O Pārṣata)

• न (na) - not

• पश्यसि (paśyasi) - you see

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful

• द्रोणात् (droṇāt) - from Drona

• नः (naḥ) - for us, to us

• समुपस्थितम् (samupasthitam) - arisen, imminent, present

Words meanings and morphology

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - to Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada, commander of Pandava army)

Note: Object of the verb 'āha'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पाञ्चाल्यम् (pāñcālyam) - to Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the prince of Pañcāla (to the Pañcāla (prince))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - belonging to the Pañcālas; a prince of Pañcāla

Derived from Pañcāla (proper noun for a kingdom/people)

Note: An epithet for Dhṛṣṭadyumna, agreeing with it in case, number, and gender.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Object of 'āha', referring to the speech that follows.

आह (āha) - said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (present sense) (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense, with present meaning. Irregular form.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Verb for Yudhishthira's speech.

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O Dhritarashtra (O lord of men, O ruler of the people)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, man
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Narrator's address to Dhritarashtra.

अभिद्रव (abhidrava) - rush towards! attack!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of drav

Prefix: abhi

Root: drav (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dru

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'abhidrava'.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (preceptor of Kauravas and Pandavas)

Note: Object of 'abhidrava'.

किम् (kim) - why? what?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, then, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'kim' to emphasize the question.

तिष्ठसि (tiṣṭhasi) - you stand, you wait, you remain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

पार्षत (pārṣata) - O Dhṛṣṭadyumna (O son of Pṛṣata, O Pārṣata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - son of Pṛṣata; Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Patronymic derived from Pṛṣata (king Drupada's father)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

पश्यसि (paśyasi) - you see

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger

Note: Object of 'paśyasi'.

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce

Note: Modifies 'bhayam'.

द्रोणात् (droṇāt) - from Drona

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona

Note: Indicates source of danger.

नः (naḥ) - for us, to us

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Equivalent to asmākam (genitive) or asmabhyam (dative).

समुपस्थितम् (samupasthitam) - arisen, imminent, present

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - arrived, imminent, present, standing near

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā with prefixes sam and upa

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'bhayam'.