महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-150, verse-37

तदुग्रमतिरौद्रं च दृष्ट्वा युद्धं नराधिपाः ।
पुत्राश्च तव योधाश्च व्यथिता विप्रदुद्रुवुः ॥३७॥

37. tadugramatiraudraṁ ca dṛṣṭvā yuddhaṁ narādhipāḥ ,
putrāśca tava yodhāśca vyathitā vipradudruvuḥ.

37. tat ugra-ati-raudram ca dṛṣṭvā yuddham narādhipāḥ
putrāḥ ca tava yodhāḥ ca vyathitāḥ vipradudruvuḥ

37. narādhipāḥ,
tat ugra-ati-raudram yuddham ca dṛṣṭvā,
tava putrāḥ ca yodhāḥ ca vyathitāḥ vipradudruvuḥ

37. O kings, having seen that fierce and exceedingly dreadful battle, your sons and warriors became distressed and fled in disarray.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• उग्र-अति-रौद्रम् (ugra-ati-raudram) - fiercely exceedingly dreadful, terribly frightful

• च (ca) - and

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - O kings, O rulers of men

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• च (ca) - and

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

• च (ca) - and

• व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, agitated, tormented, afflicted

• विप्रदुद्रुवुः (vipradudruvuḥ) - they fled in disarray, they dispersed in fear

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Referring to the battle.

उग्र-अति-रौद्रम् (ugra-ati-raudram) - fiercely exceedingly dreadful, terribly frightful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra-ati-raudra

ugra-ati-raudra - fiercely exceedingly dreadful, terribly frightful

Compound type : karmadhāraya / prādi-samāsa (ugra+ati+raudra)

• ugra – fierce, terrible, violent
  adjective (masculine)
• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, very
  indeclinable
• raudra – dreadful, terrible, fierce, belonging to Rudra
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'yuddham'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'ugra-ati-raudram' to 'tat'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects the act of seeing to the subsequent actions of the sons and warriors.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - O kings, O rulers of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied).

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of 'vipradudruvuḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'putrāḥ' to 'tava'.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - fighter, warrior, soldier

Note: Subject of 'vipradudruvuḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'tava yodhāḥ' to 'putrāḥ'.

व्यथिताः (vyathitāḥ) - distressed, agitated, tormented, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, agitated, tormented, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vyath' (1st class) with past passive participle suffix 'ta'

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

विप्रदुद्रुवुः (vipradudruvuḥ) - they fled in disarray, they dispersed in fear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vipradru

Perfect Active

From root 'dru' (1st class) with upasargas 'vi' and 'pra', lit. 'ran forth and apart'

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'putrāḥ' and 'yodhāḥ'.