महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-150, verse-30

तस्य संदधतस्तीक्ष्णाञ्शरांश्चासक्तमस्यतः ।
धनुर्घोषेण वित्रस्ताः स्वे परे च तदाभवन् ।
घटोत्कचं यदा कर्णो विशेषयति नो नृप ॥३०॥

30. tasya saṁdadhatastīkṣṇāñśarāṁścāsaktamasyataḥ ,
dhanurghoṣeṇa vitrastāḥ sve pare ca tadābhavan ,
ghaṭotkacaṁ yadā karṇo viśeṣayati no nṛpa.

30. tasya saṃdadhatas tīkṣṇān śarān ca
asaktam asyataḥ dhanughoṣeṇa vitrastāḥ
sve pare ca tadā abhavan ghaṭotkacam
yadā karṇaḥ viśeṣayati na u nṛpa

30. nṛpa yadā karṇaḥ tasya tīkṣṇān śarān
ca saṃdadhatas asaktam asyataḥ tadā
dhanughoṣeṇa sve ca pare ca vitrastāḥ
abhavan ghaṭotkacam na u viśeṣayati

30. As he (Karṇa) fitted sharp arrows and ceaselessly shot them, his own men and the enemies alike became terrified by the twang of his bow. Yet, O King, Karṇa was unable to gain a decisive advantage over Ghaṭotkaca.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Karṇa (his, of him)

• संदधतस् (saṁdadhatas) - of Karṇa, while fitting (arrows) (of one who is fitting, of one who is placing)

• तीक्ष्णान् (tīkṣṇān) - sharp, keen

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• च (ca) - and

• असक्तम् (asaktam) - ceaselessly, continuously, without interruption

• अस्यतः (asyataḥ) - of Karṇa, while shooting (arrows) (of one who is throwing/shooting)

• धनुघोषेण (dhanughoṣeṇa) - by the sound/twang of the bow

• वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified, frightened

• स्वे (sve) - Karṇa's own army (his own (people/forces))

• परे (pare) - the Pāṇḍavas' army (others, enemies)

• च (ca) - and

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

• घटोत्कचम् (ghaṭotkacam) - The demon Ghaṭotkaca, son of Bhīma (Ghaṭotkaca)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The warrior Karṇa (Karṇa)

• विशेषयति (viśeṣayati) - was unable to gain a decisive advantage over (distinguishes, differentiates, excels, surpasses)

• न (na) - not

• उ (u) - indeed, certainly, asseveration

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Karṇa (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

संदधतस् (saṁdadhatas) - of Karṇa, while fitting (arrows) (of one who is fitting, of one who is placing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of saṃdadhat

saṁdadhat - fitting, placing, aiming

Present Active Participle

From root dhā 'to place, put' with upasarga sam- and prefix da- (reduplicated root).

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: From sam-dhā.

तीक्ष्णान् (tīkṣṇān) - sharp, keen

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent

Note: Qualifies 'śarān'.

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Object of 'saṃdadhatas' and 'asyataḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

असक्तम् (asaktam) - ceaselessly, continuously, without interruption

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root sañj 'to cling, attach' with negative prefix a-.

Prefix: a

Root: sañj (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying 'asyataḥ'.

अस्यतः (asyataḥ) - of Karṇa, while shooting (arrows) (of one who is throwing/shooting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of asyat

asyat - throwing, casting, shooting

Present Active Participle

From root as 'to throw, cast'.

Root: as (class 4)

धनुघोषेण (dhanughoṣeṇa) - by the sound/twang of the bow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhanughoṣa

dhanughoṣa - twang of a bow, sound of a bow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanu+ghoṣa)

• dhanu – bow
  noun (neuter)
• ghoṣa – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)

Note: Cause of fear.

वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitrasta

vitrasta - terrified, frightened

Past Passive Participle

From root tras 'to tremble, fear' with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'sve' and 'pare'.

स्वे (sve) - Karṇa's own army (his own (people/forces))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own

Note: Refers to Karṇa's own army/allies.

परे (pare) - the Pāṇḍavas' army (others, enemies)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, supreme

Note: Refers to the enemy army.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

घटोत्कचम् (ghaṭotkacam) - The demon Ghaṭotkaca, son of Bhīma (Ghaṭotkaca)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghaṭotkaca

ghaṭotkaca - Ghaṭotkaca (proper name)

Note: Object of 'viśeṣayati'.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a temporal clause.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - The warrior Karṇa (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'viśeṣayati'.

विशेषयति (viśeṣayati) - was unable to gain a decisive advantage over (distinguishes, differentiates, excels, surpasses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of viśeṣay

Causative

Causative of root śiṣ 'to distinguish'.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle, combined with 'u' for emphasis.

उ (u) - indeed, certainly, asseveration

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नृप (nṛpa) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, men
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.