महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-150, verse-29

तत्प्रवृत्तं निशायुद्धं चिरं सममिवाभवत् ।
प्राणयोर्दीव्यतो राजन्कर्णराक्षसयोर्मृधे ॥२९॥

29. tatpravṛttaṁ niśāyuddhaṁ ciraṁ samamivābhavat ,
prāṇayordīvyato rājankarṇarākṣasayormṛdhe.

29. tat pravṛttam niśāyuddham ciram samam iva abhavat
prāṇayoḥ dīvyataḥ rājan karṇarākṣasayoḥ mṛdhe

29. rājan tat pravṛttam niśāyuddham ciram samam iva
abhavat mṛdhe karṇarākṣasayoḥ prāṇayoḥ dīvyataḥ

29. O King, that night battle which had commenced between Karṇa and the demon (Ghaṭotkaca) continued for a long time, appearing evenly matched, as they both gambled with their lives (prāṇa) in the combat.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that

• प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - commenced, begun, ongoing

• निशायुद्धम् (niśāyuddham) - night battle

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

• समम् (samam) - equal, even, balanced

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it was

• प्राणयोः (prāṇayoḥ) - of lives, of breaths

• दीव्यतः (dīvyataḥ) - of those gambling/staking

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• कर्णराक्षसयोः (karṇarākṣasayoḥ) - of Karṇa and Ghaṭotkaca (of Karṇa and the demon)

• मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'niśāyuddham'.

प्रवृत्तम् (pravṛttam) - commenced, begun, ongoing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - commenced, begun, ongoing

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt 'to turn, exist' with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'niśāyuddham'.

निशायुद्धम् (niśāyuddham) - night battle

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niśāyuddha

niśāyuddha - night battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+yuddha)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• yuddha – battle, fight
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

समम् (samam) - equal, even, balanced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, even, similar

Note: Predicate adjective for 'niśāyuddham'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing comparison.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्राणयोः (prāṇayoḥ) - of lives, of breaths

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of prāṇa

prāṇa - life, breath, vital air

Note: Refers to the lives being gambled.

दीव्यतः (dīvyataḥ) - of those gambling/staking

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of dīvyat

dīvyat - gambling, playing, staking

Present Active Participle

From root div 'to play, gamble'.

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'karṇarākṣasayoḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Note: Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

कर्णराक्षसयोः (karṇarākṣasayoḥ) - of Karṇa and Ghaṭotkaca (of Karṇa and the demon)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of karṇarākṣasa

karṇarākṣasa - Karṇa and the demon

Compound type : dvandva (karṇa+rākṣasa)

• karṇa – Karṇa (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rākṣasa – demon
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, referring to the participants whose lives are being staked.

मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mṛdh

mṛdh - battle, combat, conflict

Note: Refers to the context of the battle.