महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-59

महाफलविधिर्दाने श्रुतस्ते भरतर्षभ ।
निरयं येन गच्छन्ति स्वर्गं चैव हि तच्छृणु ॥५९॥

59. mahāphalavidhirdāne śrutaste bharatarṣabha ,
nirayaṁ yena gacchanti svargaṁ caiva hi tacchṛṇu.

59. mahāphalavidhiḥ dāne śrutaḥ te bharatarṣabha
nirayaṃ yena gacchanti svargaṃ ca eva hi tat śṛṇu

59. bharatarṣabha dāne mahāphalavidhiḥ te śrutaḥ.
hi tat śṛṇu yena nirayaṃ ca svargaṃ eva gacchanti

59. O best of Bharatas, you have heard the rule concerning great rewards in acts of giving. Now, indeed, listen to that by which people go to hell, and also to heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• महाफलविधिः (mahāphalavidhiḥ) - the principle or regulation determining great merit from charity (the rule/method for great rewards)

• दाने (dāne) - concerning acts of donation or benevolence (in giving, in charity, with regard to a gift)

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - has been heard (by you) (heard, learned, famous)

• ते (te) - by you (Bharatarṣabha) (by you, to you, your)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Arjuna or a descendant of Bharata. (O best of Bharatas)

• निरयं (nirayaṁ) - to hell, to a bad path

• येन (yena) - by what means or actions (by which, through which, whereby)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they attain (a destination) (they go, they proceed)

• स्वर्गं (svargaṁ) - to heaven, to the celestial world

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the following word (indeed, just, only, certainly)

• हि (hi) - introducing a reason or emphasis (for, surely, indeed)

• तत् (tat) - that (explanation or method) (that)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

Words meanings and morphology

महाफलविधिः (mahāphalavidhiḥ) - the principle or regulation determining great merit from charity (the rule/method for great rewards)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāphalavidhi

mahāphalavidhi - rule or method for attaining great fruit/reward

Tatpuruṣa compound (`vidhi` (rule) of `mahāphala` (great fruit)).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahāphala+vidhi)

• mahāphala – great fruit, great reward
  noun (neuter)
  Karmadhāraya compound: `mahā` (great) + `phala` (fruit).
• vidhi – rule, method, injunction, ordinance, procedure
  noun (masculine)
  From `vi-dhā` (to arrange, ordain).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the implicit verb "is".

दाने (dāne) - concerning acts of donation or benevolence (in giving, in charity, with regard to a gift)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, act of giving, charity

From root `dā` (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Indicates the sphere of the rule.

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - has been heard (by you) (heard, learned, famous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root `śru` (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Implies "has been heard."

ते (te) - by you (Bharatarṣabha) (by you, to you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Second person pronoun.

Note: Agent of `śrutaḥ`.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Arjuna or a descendant of Bharata. (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Tatpuruṣa compound (`ṛṣabha` (bull, best) of `bharata` (descendant of Bharata)).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a ruler of India
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

निरयं (nirayaṁ) - to hell, to a bad path

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niraya

niraya - hell, underworld, evil course

From `nir-i` (to go down, perish).

Prefix: nir

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of `gacchanti`.

येन (yena) - by what means or actions (by which, through which, whereby)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Indicates the means by which one goes to hell/heaven.

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they attain (a destination) (they go, they proceed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Tense

Root `gam` (Class 1).

Root: gam (class 1)

स्वर्गं (svargaṁ) - to heaven, to the celestial world

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial abode

From `su-ṛj` (to go well) or `su-gra` (good abode).

Note: Object of `gacchanti`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - emphasizes the following word (indeed, just, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

हि (hi) - introducing a reason or emphasis (for, surely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/emphatic particle.

तत् (tat) - that (explanation or method) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the topic about to be detailed, namely the distinction between actions leading to hell or heaven.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative

Root `śru` (Class 5).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject is implied "you" (Bharatarṣabha).