महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-38

पुण्याहवाचनं दैवे ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते ।
एतदेव निरोंकारं क्षत्रियस्य विधीयते ।
वैश्यस्य चैव वक्तव्यं प्रीयन्तां देवता इति ॥३८॥

38. puṇyāhavācanaṁ daive brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate ,
etadeva niroṁkāraṁ kṣatriyasya vidhīyate ,
vaiśyasya caiva vaktavyaṁ prīyantāṁ devatā iti.

38. puṇyāhavācanam daive brāhmaṇasya
vidhīyate etat eva niroṃkāram
kṣatriyasya vidhīyate vaiśyasya ca
eva vaktavyam prīyantām devatā iti

38. daive brāhmaṇasya puṇyāhavācanam
vidhīyate etat eva niroṃkāram
kṣatriyasya vidhīyate vaiśyasya ca
eva devatā prīyantām iti vaktavyam

38. The puṇyāhavācana (utterance for an auspicious day) is prescribed for a brahmin in divine (daiva) ceremonies. This very same ritual, but without the utterance of Om (oṃkāra), is prescribed for a kṣatriya. And for a vaiśya, it should be stated, 'May the deities be pleased'.

Words meanings summery:

• पुण्याहवाचनम् (puṇyāhavācanam) - The ritual utterance of 'puṇyāham' (recitation of an auspicious day formula)

• दैवे (daive) - In the context of rituals pertaining to deities. (in divine matters, in relation to gods)

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brahmin

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is enjoined, is laid down

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the same puṇyāhavācana ritual. (this, this very thing)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'this very'. (indeed, just, only, very)

• निरोंकारम् (niroṁkāram) - (the puṇyāhavācana ritual) without the Om sound (without the sacred syllable Om)

• क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya, of a warrior

• विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is enjoined, is laid down

• वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

• वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - should be said, to be spoken

• प्रीयन्ताम् (prīyantām) - may they be pleased, may they rejoice

• देवता (devatā) - deities, gods

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote

Words meanings and morphology

पुण्याहवाचनम् (puṇyāhavācanam) - The ritual utterance of 'puṇyāham' (recitation of an auspicious day formula)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇyāhavācana

puṇyāhavācana - declaration of an auspicious day, sacred recitation

Compound of puṇya (meritorious, auspicious), ahan (day), and vācana (recitation, speaking).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puṇya+ahan+vācana)

• puṇya – auspicious, sacred, meritorious
  adjective (neuter)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)
• vācana – speaking, reciting, declaration
  noun (neuter)
  From root vac
  Root: vac (class 2)

दैवे (daive) - In the context of rituals pertaining to deities. (in divine matters, in relation to gods)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, celestial, relating to gods, fate

From deva (god)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun like karman (ritual).

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brahmin

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - brahmin (member of the priestly class), relating to Brahman

From brahman

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is enjoined, is laid down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vi-dhā

From vi + root dhā

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the same puṇyāhavācana ritual. (this, this very thing)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, it

Demonstrative pronoun

एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'this very'. (indeed, just, only, very)

(indeclinable)

Particle

निरोंकारम् (niroṁkāram) - (the puṇyāhavācana ritual) without the Om sound (without the sacred syllable Om)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niroṃkāra

niroṁkāra - without Om, Om-less

Compound formed from nis (without) and oṃkāra (the sound Om).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+oṃkāra)

• nis – without, out, forth
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• oṃkāra – the sound Om
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with etat and puṇyāhavācanam.

क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya, of a warrior

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - kṣatriya (member of the warrior class), ruler, warrior

From kṣatra (rule, dominion)

विधीयते (vidhīyate) - is prescribed, is enjoined, is laid down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vi-dhā

From vi + root dhā

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)

From viś (people, community)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

(indeclinable)

Particle

वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - should be said, to be spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaktavya

vaktavya - to be spoken, to be said, mentionable

Gerundive

From root vac (to speak) with suffix tavya.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with an implied neuter subject (e.g., 'this').

प्रीयन्ताम् (prīyantām) - may they be pleased, may they rejoice

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperative (loṭ) of prī

Passive stem prīya

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Expresses a wish or command.

देवता (devatā) - deities, gods

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, divinity, godhead, gods (collective)

From deva (god) with suffix tā.

Note: Subject of prīyantām.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Indicates the end of the quoted phrase.