महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-52

तस्करेभ्यः परेभ्यो वा ये भयार्ता युधिष्ठिर ।
अर्थिनो भोक्तुमिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥५२॥

52. taskarebhyaḥ parebhyo vā ye bhayārtā yudhiṣṭhira ,
arthino bhoktumicchanti teṣu dattaṁ mahāphalam.

52. taskarebhyaḥ parebhyaḥ vā ye bhayārtā yudhiṣṭhira
arthinaḥ bhoktum icchanti teṣu dattam mahāphalam

52. O Yudhiṣṭhira, great merit is obtained by giving to those who, afflicted by fear from thieves or enemies, wish to eat.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्करेभ्यः (taskarebhyaḥ) - from thieves (from thieves, to thieves)

• परेभ्यः (parebhyaḥ) - from enemies (from others, from enemies, to others, to enemies)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• ये (ye) - who (referring to people) (who, which)

• भयार्ता (bhayārtā) - afflicted by fear, distressed by fear

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

• अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - needy, seeking sustenance (desirous of wealth, seekers, needy, supplicants)

• भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to eat, to sustain themselves (to eat, to enjoy, to consume)

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they wish, they desire

• तेषु (teṣu) - to them (as recipients of a gift) (to them, in them, among them)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - a gift given (given, donated)

• महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - yields great merit (great fruit, great reward, greatly meritorious)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्करेभ्यः (taskarebhyaḥ) - from thieves (from thieves, to thieves)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of taskara

taskara - thief, robber

Note: Used in the ablative case, indicating origin or cause of fear.

परेभ्यः (parebhyaḥ) - from enemies (from others, from enemies, to others, to enemies)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, enemy, distant, supreme

Note: Used substantively to mean 'enemies' and in the ablative case, indicating origin or cause of fear.

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who (referring to people) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun introducing a clause.

भयार्ता (bhayārtā) - afflicted by fear, distressed by fear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhayārta

bhayārta - afflicted by fear, terrified, distressed by fear

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+ārta)

• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) with prefix 'ā' and suffix 'kta'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'ye'.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name, eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - needy, seeking sustenance (desirous of wealth, seekers, needy, supplicants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of arthin

arthin - one who seeks, desirous of wealth/purpose, needy, supplicant

Note: Agrees with 'ye'.

भोक्तुम् (bhoktum) - to eat, to sustain themselves (to eat, to enjoy, to consume)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive formed with the suffix '-tum'.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Used with 'icchanti' to express desire to eat.

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they wish, they desire

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: The subject is 'ye' (those).

तेषु (teṣu) - to them (as recipients of a gift) (to them, in them, among them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions here in a dative sense, indicating the recipient of the gift ('dattam').

दत्तम् (dattam) - a gift given (given, donated)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, donated, granted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dā' (to give) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Functions as a noun here, 'that which is given'.

महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - yields great merit (great fruit, great reward, greatly meritorious)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāphala

mahāphala - great fruit, great reward, highly beneficial, greatly meritorious

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahant+phala)

• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• phala – fruit, result, reward, consequence, merit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative noun, implying 'is a great merit'.