महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-41

दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्च धर्माधर्माविमौ शृणु ।
ब्राह्मणस्यानृतेऽधर्मः प्रोक्तः पातकसंज्ञितः ।
चतुर्गुणः क्षत्रियस्य वैश्यस्याष्टगुणः स्मृतः ॥४१॥

41. dātuḥ pratigrahītuśca dharmādharmāvimau śṛṇu ,
brāhmaṇasyānṛte'dharmaḥ proktaḥ pātakasaṁjñitaḥ ,
caturguṇaḥ kṣatriyasya vaiśyasyāṣṭaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ.

41. dātuḥ pratigrahītuḥ ca dharmādharmau
imau śṛṇu brāhmaṇasya anṛte adharmaḥ
proktaḥ pātakasaṃjñitaḥ caturguṇaḥ
kṣatriyasya vaiśyasya aṣṭaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ

41. imau dātuḥ ca pratigrahītuḥ dharmādharmau śṛṇu.
brāhmaṇasya anṛte adharmaḥ pātakasaṃjñitaḥ proktaḥ.
kṣatriyasya caturguṇaḥ.
vaiśyasya aṣṭaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ.

41. Listen now to these aspects of right (dharma) and wrong (adharma) pertaining to both the giver and the receiver. For a brahmin, speaking untruth is declared an unrighteous act and considered a transgression (pātaka). For a kṣatriya, this offense is remembered as four times as severe, and for a vaiśya, eight times.

Words meanings summery:

• दातुः (dātuḥ) - of the giver, of the donor

• प्रतिग्रहीतुः (pratigrahītuḥ) - of the receiver, of the acceptor

• च (ca) - and, also

• धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - right and wrong, righteousness and unrighteousness, virtue and vice

• इमौ (imau) - these two (masculine dual)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brahmin

• अनृते (anṛte) - in the matter of speaking untruth (in untruth, in falsehood, in a lie)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, wrong conduct, vice

• प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, stated, proclaimed, said

• पातकसंज्ञितः (pātakasaṁjñitaḥ) - designated as a sin, called a transgression, termed a sin

• चतुर्गुणः (caturguṇaḥ) - four times as severe (in terms of unrighteousness) (four-fold, four times, quadrupled)

• क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya

• वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya

• अष्टगुणः (aṣṭaguṇaḥ) - eight times as severe (in terms of unrighteousness) (eight-fold, eight times)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, traditionally declared, considered, known

Words meanings and morphology

दातुः (dātuḥ) - of the giver, of the donor

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, bestower

agent noun

Derived from root dā- 'to give' with suffix -tṛ

Root: dā (class 3)

प्रतिग्रहीतुः (pratigrahītuḥ) - of the receiver, of the acceptor

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pratigrahītṛ

pratigrahītṛ - receiver, acceptor

agent noun

Derived from root grah- 'to seize' with prefix prati- and suffix -tṛ

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - right and wrong, righteousness and unrighteousness, virtue and vice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of dharmādharma

dharmādharma - right and wrong, righteousness and unrighteousness, virtue and vice

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+adharma)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, sacred law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• adharma – unrighteousness, wrong, vice, impiety
  noun (masculine)

इमौ (imau) - these two (masculine dual)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of idam

idam - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a brahmin

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a member of the priestly class

अनृते (anṛte) - in the matter of speaking untruth (in untruth, in falsehood, in a lie)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie; unrighteousness

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, wrong conduct, vice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, wrong, vice, impiety, transgression against natural law

प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, stated, proclaimed, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravac

pravac - to speak, declare, state, proclaim

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Past Passive Participle of pra-vac

पातकसंज्ञितः (pātakasaṁjñitaḥ) - designated as a sin, called a transgression, termed a sin

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātakasaṃjñita

pātakasaṁjñita - designated/named as a sin or transgression

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pātaka+saṃjñita)

• pātaka – sin, transgression, crime, fall
  noun (neuter)
• saṃjñita – named, designated, called, indicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root jñā- 'to know' with prefix sam- and suffix -kta
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

चतुर्गुणः (caturguṇaḥ) - four times as severe (in terms of unrighteousness) (four-fold, four times, quadrupled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturguṇa

caturguṇa - four-fold, quadrupled; having four qualities/parts

Compound type : bahuvrihi (catur+guṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, multiple, strand, factor
  noun (masculine)

क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a kṣatriya (member of the warrior/ruling class)

वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a vaiśya (member of the third social class, typically merchants, farmers, artisans)

अष्टगुणः (aṣṭaguṇaḥ) - eight times as severe (in terms of unrighteousness) (eight-fold, eight times)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaguṇa

aṣṭaguṇa - eight-fold, octuple; having eight qualities/parts

Compound type : bahuvrihi (aṣṭa+guṇa)

• aṣṭa – eight
  numeral
• guṇa – quality, attribute, multiple, strand, factor
  noun (masculine)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - remembered, traditionally declared, considered, known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, thought of, stated in tradition (smṛti)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root smṛ- 'to remember' with suffix -kta

Root: smṛ (class 1)