महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-54

हृतस्वा हृतदाराश्च ये विप्रा देशसंप्लवे ।
अर्थार्थमभिगच्छन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम् ॥५४॥

54. hṛtasvā hṛtadārāśca ye viprā deśasaṁplave ,
arthārthamabhigacchanti tebhyo dattaṁ mahāphalam.

54. hṛtasvāḥ hṛtadārāḥ ca ye viprāḥ deśasaṃplave
arthārtham abhigacchanti tebhyaḥ dattam mahāphalam

54. Great merit is obtained by giving to those Brahmins who, having lost their property and wives in a national disaster, approach (for help) seeking sustenance.

Words meanings summery:

• हृतस्वाः (hṛtasvāḥ) - having lost their property (whose wealth is stolen/lost, dispossessed of property)

• हृतदाराः (hṛtadārāḥ) - having lost their wives (whose wives are stolen/lost)

• च (ca) - and

• ये (ye) - who (referring to Brahmins) (who, which)

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins, learned ones

• देशसंप्लवे (deśasaṁplave) - in a national disaster (in a country's calamity, during national upheaval)

• अर्थार्थम् (arthārtham) - seeking sustenance (for the sake of wealth, for a purpose)

• अभिगच्छन्ति (abhigacchanti) - they approach (for help) (they approach, they go towards, they seek refuge)

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them

• दत्तम् (dattam) - a gift given (given, donated)

• महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - yields great merit (great fruit, great reward, greatly meritorious)

Words meanings and morphology

हृतस्वाः (hṛtasvāḥ) - having lost their property (whose wealth is stolen/lost, dispossessed of property)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛtasva

hṛtasva - one whose property is taken away or lost

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛta+sva)

• hṛta – taken away, stolen, lost
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'hṛ' (to seize, take) with suffix 'kta'.
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• sva – one's own, property, wealth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'ye viprāḥ'.

हृतदाराः (hṛtadārāḥ) - having lost their wives (whose wives are stolen/lost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛtadāra

hṛtadāra - one whose wife/wives are taken away or lost

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛta+dāra)

• hṛta – taken away, stolen, lost
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'hṛ' (to seize, take) with suffix 'kta'.
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• dāra – wife (often plural for this meaning)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'ye viprāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who (referring to Brahmins) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of the clause.

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - Brahmins, learned ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, learned, inspired, a sage

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

देशसंप्लवे (deśasaṁplave) - in a national disaster (in a country's calamity, during national upheaval)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deśasaṃplava

deśasaṁplava - national calamity, widespread disaster, inundation of a country

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deśa+saṃplava)

• deśa – country, region, place
  noun (masculine)
• saṃplava – flood, inundation, calamity, disorder, upheaval
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam

Note: Indicates the time or circumstance of the event.

अर्थार्थम् (arthārtham) - seeking sustenance (for the sake of wealth, for a purpose)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (artha+artha)

• artha – object, purpose, meaning, wealth, money, livelihood
  noun (masculine)
• artha – object, purpose, meaning, wealth, money, livelihood
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating the purpose of their approaching.

अभिगच्छन्ति (abhigacchanti) - they approach (for help) (they approach, they go towards, they seek refuge)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of gam

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'ye viprāḥ'.

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to them

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'ye', refers to 'viprāḥ' as recipients.

दत्तम् (dattam) - a gift given (given, donated)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, donated, granted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dā' (to give) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Functions as a noun here, 'that which is given'.

महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - yields great merit (great fruit, great reward, greatly meritorious)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāphala

mahāphala - great fruit, great reward, highly beneficial, greatly meritorious

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahant+phala)

• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• phala – fruit, result, reward, consequence, merit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative noun, implying 'is a great merit'.