महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-58

तपस्विनस्तपोनिष्ठास्तेषां भैक्षचराश्च ये ।
अर्थिनः किंचिदिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम् ॥५८॥

58. tapasvinastaponiṣṭhāsteṣāṁ bhaikṣacarāśca ye ,
arthinaḥ kiṁcidicchanti teṣu dattaṁ mahāphalam.

58. tapasvinaḥ taponiṣṭhāḥ teṣām bhaikṣacarāḥ ca ye
arthinaḥ kiṃcit icchanti teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam

58. tapasvinaḥ taponiṣṭhāḥ ca ye teṣām bhaikṣacarāḥ ca
arthinaḥ kiṃcit icchanti teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam

58. A great reward is obtained from a gift given to ascetics (tapasvin) and those steadfast in their austerities (tapas), and also to mendicants who subsist on alms, as well as to petitioners who desire something.

Words meanings summery:

• तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics, renunciants, practitioners of austerities

• तपोनिष्ठाः (taponiṣṭhāḥ) - those devoted to austerities, steadfast in penance

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• भैक्षचराः (bhaikṣacarāḥ) - those who live by begging for alms, mendicants

• च (ca) - and

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - petitioners, seekers, those desiring, needy

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - a gift or aid of any kind (something, anything)

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they wish, they desire, they want

• तेषु (teṣu) - to such people (to/among them, in them)

• दत्तं (dattaṁ) - a gift given (given, bestowed)

• महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - a significant spiritual or material benefit (great fruit, great reward, abundant fruit)

Words meanings and morphology

तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics, renunciants, practitioners of austerities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee, one who practices austerities (tapas)

Possessive suffix `-vin` added to `tapas`.

Note: Subject of the implicit verb "are".

तपोनिष्ठाः (taponiṣṭhāḥ) - those devoted to austerities, steadfast in penance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of taponiṣṭha

taponiṣṭha - firm in asceticism, devoted to austerities (tapas)

Tatpuruṣa compound (`niṣṭha` (fixed) in `tapas` (austerity)).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+niṣṭha)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  From root `tap` (to heat, suffer penance).
  Root: tap (class 1)
• niṣṭha – fixed, firm, devoted to, standing in
  adjective
  From `ni-sthā` (to stand in).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to implied "people."

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Connects to `bhaikṣacarāḥ` as 'those who are mendicants among them'.

भैक्षचराः (bhaikṣacarāḥ) - those who live by begging for alms, mendicants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhaikṣacara

bhaikṣacara - one who subsists by alms-begging, mendicant

Tatpuruṣa compound (`cara` (moving/living) by `bhaikṣa` (alms)).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaikṣa+cara)

• bhaikṣa – alms, begged food
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `bhikṣā` (alms).
• cara – moving, going, practicing, living by
  adjective
  Derived from root `car` (to move, wander, practice).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause `ye bhaikṣacarāḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yat

yat - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

अर्थिनः (arthinaḥ) - petitioners, seekers, those desiring, needy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of arthin

arthin - petitioner, suitor, seeker, desirous, needy

Possessive suffix `-in` added to `artha`.

Note: Subject of `icchanti`.

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - a gift or aid of any kind (something, anything)

(indeclinable)

From `kim` + `cit`. Can also be used as a pronoun/adjective.

Note: Object of `icchanti`.

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they wish, they desire, they want

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Tense

Root `iṣ` (Class 6).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Subject is `arthinaḥ`.

तेषु (teṣu) - to such people (to/among them, in them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: The locative case here implies "with respect to them" or "given in their case", effectively meaning "to them".

दत्तं (dattaṁ) - a gift given (given, bestowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered

Past Passive Participle

From root `dā` (to give) with the past passive participle suffix `-ta`.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Here used as a noun, "a given (thing)" or "a gift."

महाफलम् (mahāphalam) - a significant spiritual or material benefit (great fruit, great reward, abundant fruit)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāphala

mahāphala - having great fruit, highly efficacious, bringing great reward

Bahuvrīhi or Karmadhāraya compound. Here functions as a neuter noun.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+phala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)