महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-34

क्रियमाणेऽपवर्गे तु यो द्विजो भरतर्षभ ।
न व्याहरति यद्युक्तं तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥३४॥

34. kriyamāṇe'pavarge tu yo dvijo bharatarṣabha ,
na vyāharati yadyuktaṁ tasyādharmo gavānṛtam.

34. kriyamāṇe apavarge tu yaḥ dvijaḥ bharatarṣabha |
na vyāharati yat yuktam tasya adharmaḥ gavanṛtam

34. O best among the Bharatas, if a twice-born (dvija), while a ritual (or act) is being concluded, does not speak what is appropriate, then his transgression of natural law (adharma) is equivalent to the sin of lying about a cow.

Words meanings summery:

• क्रियमाणे (kriyamāṇe) - while being done, while being performed, when being concluded

• अपवर्गे (apavarge) - at the conclusion, at the completion (of an act or ritual)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, moreover

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - here, a Brahmin, priest (a twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bharatas (a noble warrior, typically addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna)

• न (na) - not

• व्याहरति (vyāharati) - speaks, utters

• यत् (yat) - what, which

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, appropriate, fit

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - deviation from natural law (dharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law)

• गवनृतम् (gavanṛtam) - the sin of lying about a cow, a cow-lie

Words meanings and morphology

क्रियमाणे (kriyamāṇe) - while being done, while being performed, when being concluded

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kriyamāṇa

kriyamāṇa - being done, being performed, being made

Present Passive Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root √kṛ 'to do, make' with suffix -māna.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

अपवर्गे (apavarge) - at the conclusion, at the completion (of an act or ritual)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of apavarga

apavarga - completion, conclusion, finish; liberation, final release

From root √vṛj 'to abandon' with upasarga apa-.

Prefix: apa

Root: √vṛj (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, moreover

(indeclinable)

Particle.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to 'dvijaḥ'.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - here, a Brahmin, priest (a twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya); bird; tooth; snake

Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √jan 'to be born'.
  Root: √jan (class 4)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among the Bharatas (a noble warrior, typically addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas (a title of respect, often addressed to a Kuru prince, like Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna)

Compound of Bharata and ṛṣabha.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a member of the Kuru dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

व्याहरति (vyāharati) - speaks, utters

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √hṛ

Present indicative, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root √hṛ with upasargas vi- and ā-.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: √hṛ (class 1)

यत् (yat) - what, which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Object of 'vyāharati', acts as a relative pronoun to 'yuktam'.

युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, appropriate, fit

(adjective)

neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, proper, fit, appropriate, attentive, yoked

Past Passive Participle

From root √yuj 'to join, connect, apply'.

Root: √yuj (class 7)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Genitive singular masculine/neuter.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - deviation from natural law (dharma) (unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, vice, impiety, deviation from natural law (dharma)

Nañ-tatpurusha compound of 'a-' and 'dharma'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religion
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ 'to uphold, support'.
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: The subject of the implied verb 'is' or 'becomes'.

गवनृतम् (gavanṛtam) - the sin of lying about a cow, a cow-lie

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gavanṛta

gavanṛta - a lie concerning a cow, false testimony regarding a cow, a grave sin

Compound of go (cow) and anṛta (untruth, lie).

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+anṛta)

• go – cow, bull, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine/masculine)
• anṛta – untruth, lie, falsehood
  noun (neuter)
  Nañ-tatpurusha compound of 'a-' and 'ṛta' (truth).