महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-39

कर्मणामानुपूर्वीं च विधिपूर्वकृतं शृणु ।
जातकर्मादिकान्सर्वांस्त्रिषु वर्णेषु भारत ।
ब्रह्मक्षत्रे हि मन्त्रोक्ता वैश्यस्य च युधिष्ठिर ॥३९॥

39. karmaṇāmānupūrvīṁ ca vidhipūrvakṛtaṁ śṛṇu ,
jātakarmādikānsarvāṁstriṣu varṇeṣu bhārata ,
brahmakṣatre hi mantroktā vaiśyasya ca yudhiṣṭhira.

39. karmaṇām ānupūrvīm ca vidhipūrvakṛtam
śṛṇu jātakarmādikān sarvān triṣu
varṇeṣu bhārata brahmakṣatre hi
mantroktā vaiśyasya ca yudhiṣṭhira

39. bhārata yudhiṣṭhira karmaṇām ānupūrvīm
ca vidhipūrvakṛtam jātakarmādikān
sarvān triṣu varṇeṣu śṛṇu hi
brahmakṣatre mantroktā vaiśyasya ca

39. O Bhārata, listen to the proper sequence of all rituals, beginning with jātakarma (birth ritual), which are performed according to sacred injunctions, for the three classes (varṇas). Indeed, for the brahmins and kṣatriyas, these are accompanied by sacred chants (mantras), and similarly for the vaiśya, O Yudhishthira.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of the various rites (of actions, of rituals)

• आनुपूर्वीम् (ānupūrvīm) - the proper, prescribed order of rituals (sequence, order)

• च (ca) - and

• विधिपूर्वकृतम् (vidhipūrvakṛtam) - the rites performed in accordance with sacred rules (performed according to injunctions)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• जातकर्मादिकान् (jātakarmādikān) - refers to all rituals starting from jātakarma (beginning with the birth ritual)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - All the rituals (all)

• त्रिषु (triṣu) - In the three social classes. (in three)

• वर्णेषु (varṇeṣu) - in the three social classes (brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya). (in the classes, in the colors)

• भारत (bhārata) - Address to a person. (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

• ब्रह्मक्षत्रे (brahmakṣatre) - for brahmins and kṣatriyas

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• मन्त्रोक्ता (mantroktā) - declared by mantras

• वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya

• च (ca) - and

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Address to King Yudhishthira. (O Yudhishthira)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of the various rites (of actions, of rituals)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, fate (karma)

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आनुपूर्वीम् (ānupūrvīm) - the proper, prescribed order of rituals (sequence, order)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ānupūrvī

ānupūrvī - succession, sequence, order

From anu (after) + pūrva (before)

Note: Object of śṛṇu.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

विधिपूर्वकृतम् (vidhipūrvakṛtam) - the rites performed in accordance with sacred rules (performed according to injunctions)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vidhipūrvakṛta

vidhipūrvakṛta - performed according to rule, lawfully done

Past Passive Participle (derived)

Compound of vidhipūrvaka (according to rule) and kṛta (done).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vidhipūrvaka+kṛta)

• vidhipūrvaka – preceded by rules, according to injunctions
  adjective (neuter)
  Compound of vidhi (rule) and pūrvaka (preceding)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with ānupūrvīm (feminine) so it should be feminine, or `sarvān` (masculine). Here it is neuter singular accusative. So it might be adverbial or refer to an implied neuter noun like 'ritual'.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root śru, 5th class

Root: śru (class 5)

जातकर्मादिकान् (jātakarmādikān) - refers to all rituals starting from jātakarma (beginning with the birth ritual)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jātakarmādika

jātakarmādika - beginning with jātakarma, etc.

Compound of jātakarma (birth ritual) + ādi (beginning) + ka (suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jātakarma+ādi)

• jātakarma – birth ritual
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of jāta (born) and karman (ritual).
• ādi – beginning, etcetera
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to sarvān (all rituals).

सर्वान् (sarvān) - All the rituals (all)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Universal pronoun

Note: Object of śṛṇu.

त्रिषु (triṣu) - In the three social classes. (in three)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with varṇeṣu.

वर्णेषु (varṇeṣu) - in the three social classes (brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya). (in the classes, in the colors)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - class, social order, color, letter, caste

From root vṛ (to cover, choose)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

भारत (bhārata) - Address to a person. (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Patronymic from bharata

ब्रह्मक्षत्रे (brahmakṣatre) - for brahmins and kṣatriyas

(noun)

Locative, neuter, dual of brahmakṣatra

brahmakṣatra - brahmin and kṣatriya (duality), the priestly and warrior classes

Dvandva compound of brahman and kṣatra.

Compound type : dvandva (brahman+kṣatra)

• brahman – brahmin, priestly power, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• kṣatra – rule, dominion, kṣatriya (warrior class)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the two classes.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Particle

मन्त्रोक्ता (mantroktā) - declared by mantras

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mantrokta

mantrokta - uttered by sacred words, declared by mantras

Compound of mantra (sacred chant) and ukta (spoken, declared).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mantra+ukta)

• mantra – sacred word, hymn, prayer (mantra)
  noun (masculine)
  From root man (to think)
  Root: man (class 4)
• ukta – spoken, said, declared
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vac (to speak), irregular past participle.
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with an implied feminine noun referring to the rites/rules.

वैश्यस्य (vaiśyasya) - of a vaiśya

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - vaiśya (member of the merchant/farmer class)

From viś (people, community)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Address to King Yudhishthira. (O Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (a name, steady in battle)

Compound yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) + sthira (firm, steady).

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)