महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-19

अग्रणीर्यः कृतः पूर्वं वर्णावरपरिग्रहः ।
ब्राह्मणः सर्वविद्योऽपि राजन्नार्हति केतनम् ॥१९॥

19. agraṇīryaḥ kṛtaḥ pūrvaṁ varṇāvaraparigrahaḥ ,
brāhmaṇaḥ sarvavidyo'pi rājannārhati ketanam.

19. agraṇīḥ yaḥ kṛtaḥ pūrvam varṇa-avara-parigrahaḥ
brāhmaṇaḥ sarva-vidyaḥ api rājan na arhati ketanam

19. rājan yaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ pūrvam agraṇīḥ kṛtaḥ
varṇa-avara-parigrahaḥ sarva-vidyaḥ api ketanam na arhati

19. O King, a brahmin who was previously appointed as a leader, and who associates with (lit. 'takes up') lower social classes, even if he is learned in all knowledge, does not deserve an invitation (to a ritual).

Words meanings summery:

• अग्रणीः (agraṇīḥ) - a leader, chief (a leader, chief, foremost)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - appointed, made (as a leader) (done, made, performed, appointed)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly (before, formerly, previously, east)

• वर्ण-अवर-परिग्रहः (varṇa-avara-parigrahaḥ) - one who associates with or accepts (patronage from) lower social classes (one who has taken up lower castes/classes)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin (a brahmin, pertaining to Brahman)

• सर्व-विद्यः (sarva-vidyaḥ) - learned in all knowledge (all-knowing, learned in all sciences)

• अपि (api) - even if, although (also, even, too)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative) (O King)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अर्हति (arhati) - he deserves, is entitled to (he deserves, is worthy of)

• केतनम् (ketanam) - an invitation (to a ritualistic feast, like a śrāddha) (sign, banner, invitation)

Words meanings and morphology

अग्रणीः (agraṇīḥ) - a leader, chief (a leader, chief, foremost)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agraṇī

agraṇī - a leader, chief, foremost, head

Compound AGRA (front) + NĪ (leading).

Root: nī (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - appointed, made (as a leader) (done, made, performed, appointed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished, appointed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root KṚ (to do, to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly (before, formerly, previously, east)

(indeclinable)

Used as an adverb here.

वर्ण-अवर-परिग्रहः (varṇa-avara-parigrahaḥ) - one who associates with or accepts (patronage from) lower social classes (one who has taken up lower castes/classes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṇāvaraparigraha

varṇāvaraparigraha - having taken up lower castes, one who marries a lower caste woman, one who associates with lower social classes

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṇa+avara+parigraha)

• varṇa – color, caste, social order, class
  noun (masculine)
• avara – lower, inferior, later, posterior
  adjective (masculine)
• parigraha – taking, acceptance, possession, acquisition, wife, dependent, patronage
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from PARI + GRAH (to seize, to take).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: This compound acts as an adjective describing the brahmin.

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a brahmin (a brahmin, pertaining to Brahman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a man of the priestly class, relating to Brahman, sacred

From brahman.

सर्व-विद्यः (sarva-vidyaḥ) - learned in all knowledge (all-knowing, learned in all sciences)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvavidya

sarvavidya - knowing everything, learned in all sciences

Compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarva+vidya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• vidya – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to the brahmin.

अपि (api) - even if, although (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अर्हति (arhati) - he deserves, is entitled to (he deserves, is worthy of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present active 3rd person singular

Root: arh (class 1)

केतनम् (ketanam) - an invitation (to a ritualistic feast, like a śrāddha) (sign, banner, invitation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ketana

ketana - flag, banner, sign, abode, house, invitation (especially to a śrāddha)

Root: cit