महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-24, verse-101

एतदुक्तममुत्रार्थं दैवं पित्र्यं च भारत ।
धर्माधर्मौ च दानस्य यथा पूर्वर्षिभिः कृतौ ॥१०१॥

101. etaduktamamutrārthaṁ daivaṁ pitryaṁ ca bhārata ,
dharmādharmau ca dānasya yathā pūrvarṣibhiḥ kṛtau.

101. etat uktam amutrārtham daivam pitryam ca bhārata
dharmādharmau ca dānasya yathā pūrvarṣibhiḥ kṛtau

101. O Bhārata, this has been stated regarding the otherworldly purpose of both divine and ancestral (Vedic ritual) rites. Similarly, the righteousness (dharma) and unrighteousness of charity (dāna) were established by the ancient sages.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this (matter, teaching)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - stated, said, declared

• अमुत्रार्थम् (amutrārtham) - for the sake of the other world, aiming at the next world

• दैवम् (daivam) - divine, relating to gods, (divine ritual)

• पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - ancestral, relating to ancestors, (ancestral ritual)

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata

• धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - righteousness and unrighteousness, natural law (dharma) and its opposite

• च (ca) - and, also

• दानस्य (dānasya) - of giving, of charity

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• पूर्वर्षिभिः (pūrvarṣibhiḥ) - by the ancient sages

• कृतौ (kṛtau) - were made, were done, established

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this (matter, teaching)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to the topic being discussed.

उक्तम् (uktam) - stated, said, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak), irregular past participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

अमुत्रार्थम् (amutrārtham) - for the sake of the other world, aiming at the next world

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amutrārtha

amutrārtha - object of the other world, for the purpose of the afterlife

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (amutra+artha)

• amutra – in the other world, in the next life
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Accusative form used adverbially.

दैवम् (daivam) - divine, relating to gods, (divine ritual)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, celestial, fate, destiny

Derived from 'deva' (god)

Note: Refers to Vedic ritual in translation

पित्र्यम् (pitryam) - ancestral, relating to ancestors, (ancestral ritual)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pitrya

pitrya - ancestral, relating to fathers or ancestors

Derived from 'pitṛ' (father, ancestor)

Note: Refers to Vedic ritual in translation

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'daivam' and 'pitryam'.

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - righteousness and unrighteousness, natural law (dharma) and its opposite

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dharmādharma

dharmādharma - righteousness and unrighteousness, good and evil

Compound type : Dvandva (dharma+adharma)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law (dharma), virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• adharma – unrighteousness, vice, wrong, non-(dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: a
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtau'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दानस्य (dānasya) - of giving, of charity

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, charity, liberality

Derived from root 'dā' (to give)

Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Connects with 'dharmādharmau'.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

पूर्वर्षिभिः (pūrvarṣibhiḥ) - by the ancient sages

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pūrvarṣi

pūrvarṣi - ancient sage or seer

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pūrva+ṛṣi)

• pūrva – former, ancient, prior
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

Note: Agent of 'kṛtau'.

कृतौ (kṛtau) - were made, were done, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, established

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The implied verb "were established."