महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-57, verse-89

भरद्वाजस्य च स्कन्नं द्रोण्यां शुक्रमवर्धत ।
महर्षेरुग्रतपसस्तस्माद्द्रोणो व्यजायत ॥८९॥

89. bharadvājasya ca skannaṁ droṇyāṁ śukramavardhata ,
maharṣerugratapasastasmāddroṇo vyajāyata.

89. bharadvājasya ca skannam droṇyām śukram avardhata
maharṣeḥ ugratapasaḥ tasmāt droṇaḥ vyajayata

89. And the semen of the great sage Bharadvāja, who was of fierce austerity, having fallen, developed in a pot. From that (semen), Droṇa was born.

Words meanings summery:

• भरद्वाजस्य (bharadvājasya) - of the sage Bharadvāja (of Bharadvāja)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• स्कन्नम् (skannam) - that which had fallen (semen) (fallen, discharged, dropped)

• द्रोण्याम् (droṇyām) - in the ceremonial pot (in the pot/jar, in the vessel)

• शुक्रम् (śukram) - the semen (semen, seed, purity, brightness)

• अवर्धत (avardhata) - it developed (it grew, it increased, it developed)

• महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage (Bharadvāja) (of the great sage)

• उग्रतपसः (ugratapasaḥ) - of fierce austerity (of fierce austerity, of severe penance)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (semen/process) (from that, from him, therefore)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name))

• व्यजयत (vyajayata) - he was born (he was born, he arose)

Words meanings and morphology

भरद्वाजस्य (bharadvājasya) - of the sage Bharadvāja (of Bharadvāja)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - Bharadvāja (name of a Vedic sage)

lit. 'one who brings sustenance' or 'bearer of light'

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

स्कन्नम् (skannam) - that which had fallen (semen) (fallen, discharged, dropped)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of skanna

skanna - fallen, dropped, discharged, spilt

past passive participle

from 'skand' (to fall, drip, discharge)

Root: skand (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śukram'.

द्रोण्याम् (droṇyām) - in the ceremonial pot (in the pot/jar, in the vessel)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of droṇī

droṇī - wooden trough, bucket, jar, a specific measure, name of a river

शुक्रम् (śukram) - the semen (semen, seed, purity, brightness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śukra

śukra - bright, clear, white; semen, seed; the planet Venus; purity

from 'śuc' (to shine)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'avardhata'.

अवर्धत (avardhata) - it developed (it grew, it increased, it developed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛdh

Imperfect Middle.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

महर्षेः (maharṣeḥ) - of the great sage (Bharadvāja) (of the great sage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, venerable seer

'mahā' (great) + 'ṛṣi' (sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bharadvāja.

उग्रतपसः (ugratapasaḥ) - of fierce austerity (of fierce austerity, of severe penance)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ugratapas

ugratapas - having fierce penance/austerity

'ugra' (fierce) + 'tapas' (austerity)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ugra+tapas)

• ugra – fierce, terrible, mighty, powerful
  adjective
• tapas – heat, austerity, penance, religious mortification
  noun (neuter)
  from 'tap' (to heat, to perform austerity)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'maharṣeḥ'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (semen/process) (from that, from him, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Often used causally or for source.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Droṇa (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas, born from a 'droṇī' or pot); a wooden vessel, a measure of capacity

Named after the vessel 'droṇī' he was born from.

Note: Subject of 'vyajayata'.

व्यजयत (vyajayata) - he was born (he was born, he arose)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vi-jan

Imperfect Middle. 'vi-jan' (to be born, appear, become manifest).

Prefix: vi

Root: jan (class 4)