महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-57, verse-11

न च पित्रा विभज्यन्ते नरा गुरुहिते रताः ।
युञ्जते धुरि नो गाश्च कृशाः संधुक्षयन्ति च ॥११॥

11. na ca pitrā vibhajyante narā guruhite ratāḥ ,
yuñjate dhuri no gāśca kṛśāḥ saṁdhukṣayanti ca.

11. na ca pitrā vibhajyante narāḥ guruhite ratāḥ
yuñjate dhuri no gāḥ ca kṛśāḥ saṃdhukṣayanti ca

11. Men who are dedicated to the welfare of their guru are not divided by their father. They do not yoke emaciated oxen to the task, but instead strengthen them.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father

• विभज्यन्ते (vibhajyante) - they are separated (they are divided, they are separated)

• नराः (narāḥ) - men (men, people)

• गुरुहिते (guruhite) - in the welfare of their guru (in the welfare/benefit of the guru)

• रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted, engaged (devoted, engaged, pleased)

• युञ्जते (yuñjate) - they yoke (they yoke, they apply, they engage)

• धुरि (dhuri) - in the task/burden (in the yoke, in the burden, in the responsibility)

• नो (no) - not (not, nor (combination of 'na' and 'u'))

• गाः (gāḥ) - oxen (cows, oxen)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कृशाः (kṛśāḥ) - emaciated, weak (emaciated, weak, lean)

• संधुक्षयन्ति (saṁdhukṣayanti) - they strengthen/make to thrive (they strengthen, they kindle, they make to thrive)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Agent of passive verb 'vibhajyante'

विभज्यन्ते (vibhajyante) - they are separated (they are divided, they are separated)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of bhaj

root bhaj with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: bhaj (class 1)

नराः (narāḥ) - men (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of 'vibhajyante' and 'yuñjate'

गुरुहिते (guruhite) - in the welfare of their guru (in the welfare/benefit of the guru)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of guruhita

guruhita - beneficial to the guru, devoted to the guru's welfare

compound of guru and hita

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+hita)

• guru – teacher, weighty, revered, elder
  noun (masculine)
• hita – welfare, benefit, good, placed, done
  noun/past participle (neuter)
  past participle
  from root dhā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Contextually, 'in the welfare of the guru' describing the state of the men.

रताः (ratāḥ) - devoted, engaged (devoted, engaged, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rata

rata - delighted, pleased, attached to, devoted, engaged in

past passive participle

from root ram

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'narāḥ'

युञ्जते (yuñjate) - they yoke (they yoke, they apply, they engage)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Subject is 'narāḥ'

धुरि (dhuri) - in the task/burden (in the yoke, in the burden, in the responsibility)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dhur

dhur - yoke, burden, load, responsibility, office

Note: Locative with 'yuñjate'

नो (no) - not (not, nor (combination of 'na' and 'u'))

(indeclinable)

combination of na + u (particle)

Note: Negation particle, often used emphatically or as a conjunction.

गाः (gāḥ) - oxen (cows, oxen)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Object of 'yuñjate'

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

कृशाः (kṛśāḥ) - emaciated, weak (emaciated, weak, lean)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, lean, emaciated, weak, small

Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'gāḥ'

संधुक्षयन्ति (saṁdhukṣayanti) - they strengthen/make to thrive (they strengthen, they kindle, they make to thrive)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of dhukṣ

causative

causative stem of root dhukṣ (from duh) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: duh (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'narāḥ', object is 'gāḥ' (implicit).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction