महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-57, verse-45

तमपश्यदथायान्तं श्येनं श्येनस्तथापरः ।
अभ्यद्रवच्च तं सद्यो दृष्ट्वैवामिषशङ्कया ॥४५॥

45. tamapaśyadathāyāntaṁ śyenaṁ śyenastathāparaḥ ,
abhyadravacca taṁ sadyo dṛṣṭvaivāmiṣaśaṅkayā.

45. tam apaśyat atha āyāntam śyenam śyenaḥ tathā aparaḥ
abhyadravat ca tam sadyaḥ dṛṣṭvā eva āmiṣa-śaṅkayā

45. Then, another hawk saw that hawk coming and immediately rushed towards it, suspecting it had prey.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that hawk (him, that)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (saw, beheld)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - coming (coming, approaching)

• श्येनम् (śyenam) - hawk (hawk, eagle)

• श्येनः (śyenaḥ) - hawk (hawk, eagle)

• तथा (tathā) - also (thus, so, also, similarly)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (hawk) (other, another, different)

• अभ्यद्रवत् (abhyadravat) - rushed towards (rushed towards, attacked)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तम् (tam) - that (first) hawk (him, that)

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, at once, promptly)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• एव (eva) - just (after) (indeed, just, only)

• आमिष-शङ्कया (āmiṣa-śaṅkayā) - suspecting it had prey (with a suspicion of meat/prey)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that hawk (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the first hawk mentioned implicitly or previously.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

root of dṛś-paś (class 4) for present/imperfect stems

Root: dṛś (class 4)

Note: Derived from the root dṛś, but the stem used is paś.

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - coming (coming, approaching)

(nominal form)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyāt

āyāt - coming, approaching

present participle

present participle of ā-yā

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'śyenam' (the first hawk).

श्येनम् (śyenam) - hawk (hawk, eagle)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śyena

śyena - hawk, eagle, falcon

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'.

श्येनः (śyenaḥ) - hawk (hawk, eagle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śyena

śyena - hawk, eagle, falcon

Note: Subject of 'apaśyat' and 'abhyadravat'.

तथा (tathā) - also (thus, so, also, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'aparaḥ śyenaḥ'.

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (hawk) (other, another, different)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, posterior, subsequent

Note: Qualifies 'śyenaḥ'.

अभ्यद्रवत् (abhyadravat) - rushed towards (rushed towards, attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-dru

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: "abhi" is the preverb, "a" is the augment for imperfect tense.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (first) hawk (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'abhyadravat'.

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, at once, promptly)

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एव (eva) - just (after) (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the immediacy of the action.

आमिष-शङ्कया (āmiṣa-śaṅkayā) - suspecting it had prey (with a suspicion of meat/prey)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of āmiṣa-śaṅkā

āmiṣa-śaṅkā - suspicion of meat or prey

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āmiṣa+śaṅkā)

• āmiṣa – meat, flesh, prey, object of desire
  noun (neuter)
• śaṅkā – suspicion, doubt, fear
  noun (feminine)