महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-57, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
राजोपरिचरो नाम धर्मनित्यो महीपतिः ।
बभूव मृगयां गन्तुं स कदाचिद्धृतव्रतः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
rājoparicaro nāma dharmanityo mahīpatiḥ ,
babhūva mṛgayāṁ gantuṁ sa kadāciddhṛtavrataḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca rājā uparicaraḥ nāma dharmanityaḥ
mahīpatiḥ babhūva mṛgayām gantum sa kadācit dhṛtavrataḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: There was a king named Uparicara, a ruler ever devoted to righteousness. On one occasion, he resolved to go hunting.

1. וַישַׁמְפָּאיַנַה אמר, היה מלך בשם אוּפַּרִיצ׳ַרַה, אדון הארץ שדבק תמיד בדרך היושר ונאמן לנדריו, ופעם יצא לצוד.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (narrator of Mahabharata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

• उपरिचरः (uparicaraḥ) - name Uparicara (a specific king) (moving above, going beyond; name Uparicara)

• नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name, indeed)

• धर्मनित्यः (dharmanityaḥ) - ever devoted to righteousness (constantly devoted to dharma, always righteous)

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a ruler (king, lord of the earth)

• बभूव (babhūva) - there was, became (was, became, existed)

• मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - for hunting (hunting, for hunting)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (to go, in order to go)

• स (sa) - he (the king) (he, that)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - on one occasion, sometimes (sometimes, at some time, once)

• धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - one who had undertaken a vow (having undertaken a vow, one whose vow is firm)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (narrator of Mahabharata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahabharata

patronymic from viśampa

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler, lord

उपरिचरः (uparicaraḥ) - name Uparicara (a specific king) (moving above, going beyond; name Uparicara)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uparicara

uparicara - moving above, going beyond, name of a king

agent noun from car with upari

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (upari+cara)

• upari – above, on, over, upon, besides
  indeclinable
• cara – moving, going, a mover, a wanderer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root car
  Root: car (class 1)

नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

धर्मनित्यः (dharmanityaḥ) - ever devoted to righteousness (constantly devoted to dharma, always righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmanitya

dharmanitya - constantly devoted to duty/righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+nitya)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• nitya – constant, eternal, always existing, firm, fixed
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'mahīpatiḥ'

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a ruler (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

बभूव (babhūva) - there was, became (was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - for hunting (hunting, for hunting)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, chase, pursuit of wild animals

from root mṛg (to hunt)

Root: mṛg (class 1)

Note: Used with `gantum` (to go for hunting).

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (to go, in order to go)

(verb)

infinitive of gam

infinitive

tumun infinitive

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose.

स (sa) - he (the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Uparicara.

कदाचित् (kadācit) - on one occasion, sometimes (sometimes, at some time, once)

(indeclinable)

धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - one who had undertaken a vow (having undertaken a vow, one whose vow is firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtavrata

dhṛtavrata - having undertaken a vow, resolute, firm in resolve

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+vrata)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained, undertaken
  participle
  past passive participle
  from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, resolve
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (he).

Next Verse