महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-57, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
राजोपरिचरो नाम धर्मनित्यो महीपतिः ।
बभूव मृगयां गन्तुं स कदाचिद्धृतव्रतः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
rājoparicaro nāma dharmanityo mahīpatiḥ ,
babhūva mṛgayāṁ gantuṁ sa kadāciddhṛtavrataḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca rājā uparicaraḥ nāma dharmanityaḥ
mahīpatiḥ babhūva mṛgayām gantum sa kadācit dhṛtavrataḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: There was a king named Uparicara, a ruler ever devoted to righteousness. On one occasion, he resolved to go hunting.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (narrator of Mahabharata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

• उपरिचरः (uparicaraḥ) - name Uparicara (a specific king) (moving above, going beyond; name Uparicara)

• नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name, indeed)

• धर्मनित्यः (dharmanityaḥ) - ever devoted to righteousness (constantly devoted to dharma, always righteous)

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a ruler (king, lord of the earth)

• बभूव (babhūva) - there was, became (was, became, existed)

• मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - for hunting (hunting, for hunting)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (to go, in order to go)

• स (sa) - he (the king) (he, that)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - on one occasion, sometimes (sometimes, at some time, once)

• धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - one who had undertaken a vow (having undertaken a vow, one whose vow is firm)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (narrator of Mahabharata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahabharata

patronymic from viśampa

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler, lord

उपरिचरः (uparicaraḥ) - name Uparicara (a specific king) (moving above, going beyond; name Uparicara)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uparicara

uparicara - moving above, going beyond, name of a king

agent noun from car with upari

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (upari+cara)

• upari – above, on, over, upon, besides
  indeclinable
• cara – moving, going, a mover, a wanderer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root car
  Root: car (class 1)

नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

धर्मनित्यः (dharmanityaḥ) - ever devoted to righteousness (constantly devoted to dharma, always righteous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmanitya

dharmanitya - constantly devoted to duty/righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+nitya)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• nitya – constant, eternal, always existing, firm, fixed
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'mahīpatiḥ'

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a ruler (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – master, lord, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

बभूव (babhūva) - there was, became (was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - for hunting (hunting, for hunting)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, chase, pursuit of wild animals

from root mṛg (to hunt)

Root: mṛg (class 1)

Note: Used with `gantum` (to go for hunting).

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (to go, in order to go)

(verb)

infinitive of gam

infinitive

tumun infinitive

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose.

स (sa) - he (the king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Uparicara.

कदाचित् (kadācit) - on one occasion, sometimes (sometimes, at some time, once)

(indeclinable)

धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - one who had undertaken a vow (having undertaken a vow, one whose vow is firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtavrata

dhṛtavrata - having undertaken a vow, resolute, firm in resolve

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+vrata)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained, undertaken
  participle
  past passive participle
  from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, resolve
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (he).