महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-57, verse-12

सर्वे वर्णाः स्वधर्मस्थाः सदा चेदिषु मानद ।
न तेऽस्त्यविदितं किंचित्त्रिषु लोकेषु यद्भवेत् ॥१२॥

12. sarve varṇāḥ svadharmasthāḥ sadā cediṣu mānada ,
na te'styaviditaṁ kiṁcittriṣu lokeṣu yadbhavet.

12. sarve varṇāḥ svadharmasthāḥ sadā cediṣu mānada na
te asti aviditaṃ kiṃcit triṣu lokeṣu yat bhavet

12. O Giver of Honor, all social classes among the Cedis always adhere to their own dharma. Nothing that may occur in the three worlds is unknown to you.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (color, caste, class, letter)

• स्वधर्मस्थाः (svadharmasthāḥ) - adhering to their own dharma (established in one's own duty/dharma)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

• चेदिषु (cediṣu) - among the Cedis (in the Cedi country, among the Cedis)

• मानद (mānada) - O Giver of Honor (O giver of honor/respect)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• ते (te) - to you (to you, by you, of you)

• अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

• अविदितं (aviditaṁ) - unknown (unknown, not known)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (anything, something)

• त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three

• लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds (in the worlds, in the realms)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, whatever, that)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may occur (may be, might be, should be)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Qualifies 'varṇāḥ'

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (color, caste, class, letter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, outward appearance, class, caste, character, letter (of alphabet)

from root vṛ

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject of implicit 'are'

स्वधर्मस्थाः (svadharmasthāḥ) - adhering to their own dharma (established in one's own duty/dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svadharmastha

svadharmastha - standing in one's own duty, adhering to one's own law

compound from sva-dharma-stha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma+stha)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun/adjective
• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• stha – standing, staying, situated, established
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun / verbal adjective
  derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'varṇāḥ'

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying the state of 'being established'

चेदिषु (cediṣu) - among the Cedis (in the Cedi country, among the Cedis)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of cedi

cedi - name of a country or its people

Note: Indicates location

मानद (mānada) - O Giver of Honor (O giver of honor/respect)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mānada

mānada - bestowing honor, respectful, a respectful person

compound of māna (honor) and da (giver)

Compound type : upapada (māna+da)

• māna – honor, respect, pride, measure
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  action noun
  from root man
  Root: man (class 4)
• da – giving, bestowing, a giver
  adjective/agent noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root dā
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Address to the listener

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle

ते (te) - to you (to you, by you, of you)

(pronoun)

singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

Note: 'aviditaṃ te' means 'unknown to you' (dative of interest)

अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Main verb

अविदितं (aviditaṁ) - unknown (unknown, not known)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avidita

avidita - unknown, not known, unperceived

past passive participle

negative prefix a- to vidita (from root vid)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vidita – known, understood, perceived
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from root vid
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'kiṃcit'

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (anything, something)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiṃcit

kiṁcit - anything, something, whatever

from kim + cit

Note: Subject of 'asti'

त्रिषु (triṣu) - in the three

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'lokeṣu'

लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - in the worlds (in the worlds, in the realms)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, sight

from root lok

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Locative of place

यत् (yat) - that which (which, whatever, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Connects 'kiṃcit' to the clause 'bhavet'

भवेत् (bhavet) - may occur (may be, might be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses possibility or potentiality

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