महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-57, verse-49

कदाचिदथ मत्सीं तां बबन्धुर्मत्स्यजीविनः ।
मासे च दशमे प्राप्ते तदा भरतसत्तम ।
उज्जह्रुरुदरात्तस्याः स्त्रीपुमांसं च मानुषम् ॥४९॥

49. kadācidatha matsīṁ tāṁ babandhurmatsyajīvinaḥ ,
māse ca daśame prāpte tadā bharatasattama ,
ujjahrurudarāttasyāḥ strīpumāṁsaṁ ca mānuṣam.

49. kadācit atha matsīm tām babandhuḥ
matsya-jīvinaḥ māse ca daśame prāpte
tadā bharata-sattama ujjahruḥ
udarāt tasyāḥ strī-pumāṃsam ca mānuṣam

49. O best of Bharatas, once the fishermen caught that fish. Then, when the tenth month arrived, they extracted a human male and female from her belly.

Words meanings summery:

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - once, at some point (once, sometimes, at some time)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon)

• मत्सीम् (matsīm) - that fish (fish (female))

• ताम् (tām) - that (fish) (that, her)

• बबन्धुः (babandhuḥ) - they caught (they caught, they bound)

• मत्स्य-जीविनः (matsya-jīvinaḥ) - the fishermen (fishermen, those living by fish)

• मासे (māse) - in the month

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दशमे (daśame) - the tenth (month) (tenth)

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - having arrived, when it arrived (having reached, attained, arrived)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• भरत-सत्तम (bharata-sattama) - O best of Bharatas (addressing the listener) (O best of Bharatas)

• उज्जहुः (ujjahuḥ) - they extracted (they took out, they extracted)

• उदरात् (udarāt) - from her belly (from the belly, from the womb)

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - from her (the fish's) (from her, of her)

• स्त्री-पुमांसम् (strī-pumāṁsam) - a female and a male child (a female and a male, a human pair)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human (offspring) (human, man)

Words meanings and morphology

कदाचित् (kadācit) - once, at some point (once, sometimes, at some time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates an indefinite past time.

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects events.

मत्सीम् (matsīm) - that fish (fish (female))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of matsī

matsī - female fish

feminine form of matsya

Note: Object of 'babandhuḥ'.

ताम् (tām) - that (fish) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'matsīm'.

बबन्धुः (babandhuḥ) - they caught (they caught, they bound)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bandh

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Main verb of the first part of the sentence.

मत्स्य-जीविनः (matsya-jīvinaḥ) - the fishermen (fishermen, those living by fish)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matsya-jīvin

matsya-jīvin - living by fish, fisherman

agent noun

from matsya + jīvin (from root jīv)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (matsya+jīvin)

• matsya – fish
  noun (masculine)
• jīvin – living by, subsisting by, living being
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root jīv
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'babandhuḥ'.

मासे (māse) - in the month

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of māsa

māsa - month, moon

Note: Forms a temporal phrase with 'daśame' and 'prāpte'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects events or clauses.

दशमे (daśame) - the tenth (month) (tenth)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of daśama

daśama - tenth

Note: Qualifies 'māse'.

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - having arrived, when it arrived (having reached, attained, arrived)

(nominal form)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived, come

past participle

past participle of pra-āp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: In locative absolute construction with 'māse daśame'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the time indicated by the locative absolute.

भरत-सत्तम (bharata-sattama) - O best of Bharatas (addressing the listener) (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharata-sattama

bharata-sattama - best among the Bharatas (a royal lineage), O excellent Bharata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+sattama)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of a king, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative suffix -tama

Note: An address to the listener/reader.

उज्जहुः (ujjahuḥ) - they extracted (they took out, they extracted)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of ud-hṛ

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second part of the sentence.

उदरात् (udarāt) - from her belly (from the belly, from the womb)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of udara

udara - belly, abdomen, womb

Note: Indicates the source of extraction.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - from her (the fish's) (from her, of her)

(pronoun)

Ablative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'matsīm' (the fish).

स्त्री-पुमांसम् (strī-pumāṁsam) - a female and a male child (a female and a male, a human pair)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of strī-pumāṃsa

strī-pumāṁsa - a woman and a man, a female and a male (pair)

Compound type : dvandva (strī+pumāṃsa)

• strī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
• pumāṃsa – man, male, masculine
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'ujjahuḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'strī-pumāṃsam' to 'mānuṣam' as aspects of the object.

मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human (offspring) (human, man)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, belonging to man, human being

derived from manuṣa (man)

Note: Qualifies 'strī-pumāṃsam'.