महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-57, verse-31

वसन्तमिन्द्रप्रासादे आकाशे स्फाटिके च तम् ।
उपतस्थुर्महात्मानं गन्धर्वाप्सरसो नृपम् ।
राजोपरिचरेत्येवं नाम तस्याथ विश्रुतम् ॥३१॥

31. vasantamindraprāsāde ākāśe sphāṭike ca tam ,
upatasthurmahātmānaṁ gandharvāpsaraso nṛpam ,
rājoparicaretyevaṁ nāma tasyātha viśrutam.

31. vasantam indraprāsāde ākāśe sphāṭike
ca tam upatasthuḥ mahātmānam
gandharvāpsarasaḥ nṛpam rājoparicara
iti evam nāma tasya atha viśrutam

31. Gandharvas and Apsaras attended upon that great-souled king, who resided in Indra's crystal palace in the sky. His name then became widely known as 'Raja Uparicara'.

31. בעודו שוכן בארמון אִינְדְרַה בשמיים ובכלי הטיס מבדולח, שרתו אותו, את המלך בעל הנפש הגדולה, הגַנְדְהַרְוַה והנימפות השמימיות. וכך נודע שמו אוּפַּרִיצ׳ַרַה (המהלך מעל).

Words meanings summery:

• वसन्तम् (vasantam) - while dwelling (describing the king) (dwelling, residing)

• इन्द्रप्रासादे (indraprāsāde) - in Indra's palace

• आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the sky, in space

• स्फाटिके (sphāṭike) - made of crystal, crystal-like

• च (ca) - and

• तम् (tam) - referring to the king (him, that)

• उपतस्थुः (upatasthuḥ) - they approached, served, attended upon

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - Referring to the king, highlighting his noble and magnanimous character. (the great-souled one)

• गन्धर्वाप्सरसः (gandharvāpsarasaḥ) - Celestial beings who served the king. (Gandharvas and Apsaras)

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - The monarch being served. (the king)

• राजोपरिचर (rājoparicara) - The proper name of the king. (King Uparicara)

• इति (iti) - Quotation marker, indicating the preceding word is a name. (thus, so)

• एवम् (evam) - Reinforces that the name became known in this particular way. (thus, in this manner)

• नाम (nāma) - name

• तस्य (tasya) - of the king (his, of him)

• अथ (atha) - Indicates a sequence of events, 'subsequently'. (then, thereupon, now)

• विश्रुतम् (viśrutam) - renowned, famous, well-known

Words meanings and morphology

वसन्तम् (vasantam) - while dwelling (describing the king) (dwelling, residing)

(verbal_participle)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' and 'nṛpam'.

इन्द्रप्रासादे (indraprāsāde) - in Indra's palace

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of indraprāsāda

indraprāsāda - Indra's palace, a divine mansion

Compound type : tatpurusha (indra+prāsāda)

• indra – Indra (chief of the gods)
  noun (masculine)
• prāsāda – palace, mansion, lofty building
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from pra-sad (to become clear, gracious), indicating a grand, prominent structure.
  Root: sad (class 1)

आकाशे (ākāśe) - in the sky, in space

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether

Note: Specifies the location of the palace.

स्फाटिके (sphāṭike) - made of crystal, crystal-like

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sphāṭika

sphāṭika - crystal, crystalline, made of crystal

Derived from 'sphāṭika' (crystal).

Note: Qualifies 'indraprāsāde'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the descriptions of the palace and its location.

तम् (tam) - referring to the king (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Object of 'upatasthuḥ'.

उपतस्थुः (upatasthuḥ) - they approached, served, attended upon

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of upasthā

Root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefix 'upa' (near). Perfect tense.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - Referring to the king, highlighting his noble and magnanimous character. (the great-souled one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, noble
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' and 'nṛpam'.

गन्धर्वाप्सरसः (gandharvāpsarasaḥ) - Celestial beings who served the king. (Gandharvas and Apsaras)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharvāpsaras

gandharvāpsaras - Gandharvas and Apsaras (as a collective group)

Dvandva compound of 'gandharva' and 'apsaras'.

Compound type : dvandva (gandharva+apsaras)

• gandharva – celestial musician, a class of demigods
  noun (masculine)
• apsaras – celestial nymph, dancer
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of 'upatasthuḥ'.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - The monarch being served. (the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pa' (protector), meaning 'protector of men'.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'upatasthuḥ'.

राजोपरिचर (rājoparicara) - The proper name of the king. (King Uparicara)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājoparicara

rājoparicara - King Uparicara (a proper name)

Compound of 'rājan' (king) and 'uparicara' (moving above, hovering, due to his ability to move in the sky).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+uparicara)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• uparicara – moving above, hovering
  adjective (masculine)
  agent_noun
  From the root 'car' (to move) with the adverb 'upari' (above).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Part of the quoted name.

इति (iti) - Quotation marker, indicating the preceding word is a name. (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - Reinforces that the name became known in this particular way. (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - name

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name

Note: Subject of 'viśrutam'.

तस्य (tasya) - of the king (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Qualifies 'nāma'.

अथ (atha) - Indicates a sequence of events, 'subsequently'. (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

विश्रुतम् (viśrutam) - renowned, famous, well-known

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśruta

viśruta - famous, renowned, well-heard

past_participle

Past passive participle of the root 'śru' (to hear) with the prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'nāma'.

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