महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-57, verse-72

पादापसारिणं धर्मं विद्वान्स तु युगे युगे ।
आयुः शक्तिं च मर्त्यानां युगानुगमवेक्ष्य च ॥७२॥

72. pādāpasāriṇaṁ dharmaṁ vidvānsa tu yuge yuge ,
āyuḥ śaktiṁ ca martyānāṁ yugānugamavekṣya ca.

72. pādāpasāriṇam dharmam vidvān saḥ tu yuge yuge
āyuḥ śaktim ca martyānām yugānugam avekṣya ca

72. But he, knowing that Dharma diminishes quarter by quarter in each succeeding age, and having observed the lifespan and strength of mortals as they conform to their respective ages...

Words meanings summery:

• पादापसारिणम् (pādāpasāriṇam) - diminishing quarter by quarter (diminishing by a foot (quarter), receding)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - Dharma (righteousness) (righteousness, duty, law)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowing (knowing, learned, wise)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Vyāsa) (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• युगे (yuge) - in each age (in an age, in a yuga)

• युगे (yuge) - in each age (in an age, in a yuga)

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - lifespan (lifespan, life)

• शक्तिम् (śaktim) - strength (strength, power, ability)

• च (ca) - and

• मर्त्यानाम् (martyānām) - of mortals (of mortals, of humans)

• युगानुगम् (yugānugam) - as they conform to their respective ages (conforming to the age, following the age)

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having observed, having considered

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

पादापसारिणम् (pādāpasāriṇam) - diminishing quarter by quarter (diminishing by a foot (quarter), receding)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pādāpasārin

pādāpasārin - diminishing by a fourth, receding

From pāda (quarter) + apasārin (receding)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāda+apasārin)

• pāda – foot, quarter, division
  noun (masculine)
• apasārin – receding, moving away, diminishing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  from apa + sṛ (to move)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with dharma.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - Dharma (righteousness) (righteousness, duty, law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowing (knowing, learned, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vid - to know

present participle (parasmaipada)

vid + śatṛ

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Nominative singular masculine. Refers to "saḥ".

सः (saḥ) - he (Vyāsa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: From tad (masc. nom. sg.)

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

युगे (yuge) - in each age (in an age, in a yuga)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yuga

yuga - age, epoch, yoke

Note: Used repetitively for 'in each age'.

युगे (yuge) - in each age (in an age, in a yuga)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yuga

yuga - age, epoch, yoke

Note: Used repetitively for 'in each age'.

आयुः (āyuḥ) - lifespan (lifespan, life)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, lifespan

Note: Accusative singular.

शक्तिम् (śaktim) - strength (strength, power, ability)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, ability, energy

Note: Accusative singular.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मर्त्यानाम् (martyānām) - of mortals (of mortals, of humans)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of martya

martya - mortal, human being

Note: Genitive plural.

युगानुगम् (yugānugam) - as they conform to their respective ages (conforming to the age, following the age)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yugānuga

yugānuga - following the age, conforming to the age

From yuga (age) + anuga (following)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuga+anuga)

• yuga – age, epoch
  noun (masculine)
• anuga – following, accompanying
  adjective (masculine)
  from anu + gam
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with āyuḥ and śaktim (implied gender/number based on context, treated as referring to the state of āyuḥ śaktim collectively).

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having observed, having considered

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

ava + īkṣ + lyap

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction linking clauses.