महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-27, verse-71

स्त्रियो बालाश्च वृद्धाश्च प्रायः क्रीडागता जनाः ।
या गाथाः संप्रगायन्ति कुर्वन्तोऽध्ययनं यथा ।
ता गाथाः शृणु मे शल्य मद्रकेषु दुरात्मसु ॥७१॥

71. striyo bālāśca vṛddhāśca prāyaḥ krīḍāgatā janāḥ ,
yā gāthāḥ saṁpragāyanti kurvanto'dhyayanaṁ yathā ,
tā gāthāḥ śṛṇu me śalya madrakeṣu durātmasu.

71. striyaḥ bālāḥ ca vṛddhāḥ ca prāyaḥ
krīḍāgatāḥ janāḥ | yāḥ gāthāḥ saṃpragāyanti
kurvantaḥ adhyayanam yathā | tāḥ
gāthāḥ śṛṇu me śalya madrakeṣu durātmasu

71. śalya,
striyaḥ ca bālāḥ ca vṛddhāḥ ca,
prāyaḥ krīḍāgatāḥ janāḥ,
yāḥ gāthāḥ adhyayanam yathā kurvantaḥ saṃpragāyanti,
tāḥ gāthāḥ (tvaṃ) me durātmasu madrakeṣu śṛṇu.

71. Women, children, and old people, who are generally engaged in play, sing these verses (gāthāḥ) as if they were studying. O Śalya, listen to those verses from me concerning the wicked-minded Madras.

Words meanings summery:

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

• बालाः (bālāḥ) - children, young ones

• च (ca) - and

• वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - old people, aged

• च (ca) - and

• प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - mostly, generally, usually

• क्रीडागताः (krīḍāgatāḥ) - engaged in play, having resorted to play

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

• याः (yāḥ) - which

• गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - verses, songs

• संप्रगायन्ति (saṁpragāyanti) - they sing well/properly

• कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - doing, performing

• अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning, recitation

• यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

• ताः (tāḥ) - those

• गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - verses, songs

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• मे (me) - from me, my

• शल्य (śalya) - O Śalya

• मद्रकेषु (madrakeṣu) - among the Madras

• दुरात्मसु (durātmasu) - among the wicked-minded

Words meanings and morphology

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

बालाः (bālāḥ) - children, young ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, ignorant

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वृद्धाः (vṛddhāḥ) - old people, aged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun here, referring to 'old people'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्रायः (prāyaḥ) - mostly, generally, usually

(indeclinable)

क्रीडागताः (krīḍāgatāḥ) - engaged in play, having resorted to play

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krīḍāgata

krīḍāgata - engaged in play, having resorted to play

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (krīḍā+gata)

• krīḍā – play, sport, amusement
  noun (feminine)
  Root: krīḍ (class 1)
• gata – gone, resorted to, obtained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people

याः (yāḥ) - which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, that

गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - verses, songs

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gāthā

gāthā - verse, song, stanza

संप्रगायन्ति (saṁpragāyanti) - they sing well/properly

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of saṃpragā

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: gā (class 2)

कुर्वन्तः (kurvantaḥ) - doing, performing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurvat

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform

Present Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions adjectivally with 'janāḥ'

अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning, recitation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, recitation

Derived from root i (to go) with prefixes adhi

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, like, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

ताः (tāḥ) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

गाथाः (gāthāḥ) - verses, songs

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gāthā

gāthā - verse, song, stanza

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

मे (me) - from me, my

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, me

शल्य (śalya) - O Śalya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (name of a king, uncle of the Pāṇḍavas)

मद्रकेषु (madrakeṣu) - among the Madras

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of madraka

madraka - a Madra (inhabitant of the Madra country)

दुरात्मसु (durātmasu) - among the wicked-minded

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'madrakeṣu'