महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-27, verse-53

संजय उवाच ।
अधिक्षिप्तस्तु राधेयः शल्येनामिततेजसा ।
शल्यमाह सुसंक्रुद्धो वाक्शल्यमवधारयन् ॥५३॥

53. saṁjaya uvāca ,
adhikṣiptastu rādheyaḥ śalyenāmitatejasā ,
śalyamāha susaṁkruddho vākśalyamavadhārayan.

53. sañjayaḥ uvāca adhikṣiptaḥ tu rādheyaḥ śalyena
amitatejasā śalyam āha susaṃkruddhaḥ vākśalyam avadhārayan

53. sañjayaḥ uvāca adhikṣiptaḥ tu amitatejasā śalyena
rādheyaḥ susaṃkruddhaḥ vākśalyam avadhārayan śalyam āha

53. Sañjaya said: But Karna (Rādheya), having been insulted by Śalya, whose prowess was immeasurable, became extremely enraged. He spoke to Śalya, taking his words as piercing darts (śalya).

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अधिक्षिप्तः (adhikṣiptaḥ) - insulted, reviled, reproached

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karna, the son of Radha (his foster mother) (son of Radha)

• शल्येन (śalyena) - by Salya

• अमिततेजसा (amitatejasā) - by Salya, whose prowess was immeasurable (by one of immeasurable prowess/radiance)

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - to Salya

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - very much enraged, highly angered

• वाक्शल्यम् (vākśalyam) - words like piercing darts (word-dart, verbal attack, verbal insult)

• अवधारयन् (avadhārayan) - perceiving, considering, understanding

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root is 'vac', but a form of 'brū' is often used for perfect 'uvāca'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अधिक्षिप्तः (adhikṣiptaḥ) - insulted, reviled, reproached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhikṣipta

adhikṣipta - insulted, abused, reproached, thrown at

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṣip' (to throw, cast, insult) with prefix 'adhi-' (over, upon).

Prefix: adhi

Root: kṣip (class 6)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karna, the son of Radha (his foster mother) (son of Radha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Radha, Karna

Derived from 'Rādhā' with patronymic suffix 'eya'.

शल्येन (śalyena) - by Salya

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Salya (name of a king, uncle of the Pandavas)

अमिततेजसा (amitatejasā) - by Salya, whose prowess was immeasurable (by one of immeasurable prowess/radiance)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amitatejas

amitatejas - of immeasurable might/radiance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+tejas)

• amita – unmeasured, boundless, infinite
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from ā + mā)
  Negative prefix 'a-' applied to 'mita' (measured).
  Root: mā (class 2)
• tejas – splendor, radiance, energy, prowess, spiritual power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij (class 1)

शल्यम् (śalyam) - to Salya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Salya (name of a king)

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. (Root 'ah' or 'brū').

Root: ah (class 2)

सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - very much enraged, highly angered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃkruddha

susaṁkruddha - very much enraged, completely angered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh' (to be angry) with prefixes 'sam-' (together, completely) and 'su-' (well, intensely).

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+sam+krudh)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• sam – together, with, completely
  indeclinable
• krudh – to be angry
  verb
  Root for Past Passive Participle formation
  Root: krudh (class 4)

वाक्शल्यम् (vākśalyam) - words like piercing darts (word-dart, verbal attack, verbal insult)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākśalya

vākśalya - verbal dart, word-arrow, sharp words

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāc+śalya)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• śalya – dart, arrow, spear, thorn
  noun (neuter)

अवधारयन् (avadhārayan) - perceiving, considering, understanding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avadhārayat

avadhārayat - perceiving, fixing, understanding, considering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support) with prefix 'ava-' (down, away) in the causative form 'dhārayati' (to cause to hold) and the present participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Prefix: ava

Root: dhṛ (class 1)