महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-27, verse-42

ऋषभं दुन्दुभिग्रीवं तीक्ष्णशृङ्गं प्रहारिणम् ।
वत्स आह्वयसे युद्धे कर्ण पार्थं धनंजयम् ॥४२॥

42. ṛṣabhaṁ dundubhigrīvaṁ tīkṣṇaśṛṅgaṁ prahāriṇam ,
vatsa āhvayase yuddhe karṇa pārthaṁ dhanaṁjayam.

42. ṛṣabham dundubhīgrīvam tīkṣṇaśṛṅgam prahāriṇam
vatsa āhvayase yuddhe karṇa pārtham dhananjayam

42. karṇa vatsa tvam ṛṣabham dundubhīgrīvam tīkṣṇaśṛṅgam
prahāriṇam pārtham dhananjayam yuddhe āhvayase

42. O Karṇa, you, like a calf (vatsa), challenge Pārtha Dhanaṃjaya in battle, who is like a bull (ṛṣabha) with a powerful drum-like neck, sharp horns, and a fierce striking ability.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषभम् (ṛṣabham) - a bull (metaphor for Arjuna) (a bull, lord, chief, excellent one)

• दुन्दुभीग्रीवम् (dundubhīgrīvam) - with a powerful drum-like neck (having a neck like a drum (i.e., strong, powerful, broad-shouldered))

• तीक्ष्णशृङ्गम् (tīkṣṇaśṛṅgam) - sharp-horned (sharp-horned, having sharp horns)

• प्रहारिणम् (prahāriṇam) - a fierce striking ability (striking, smiting, assailant, warrior)

• वत्स (vatsa) - O calf (used pejoratively for Karṇa, implying weakness) (a calf, a child (term of endearment))

• आह्वयसे (āhvayase) - you challenge (you challenge, you invoke, you call out)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war, in combat)

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa (Karṇa (proper name); ear)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (descendant of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna)

• धनन्जयम् (dhananjayam) - Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna) (conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषभम् (ṛṣabham) - a bull (metaphor for Arjuna) (a bull, lord, chief, excellent one)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - a bull, lord, chief, excellent one

दुन्दुभीग्रीवम् (dundubhīgrīvam) - with a powerful drum-like neck (having a neck like a drum (i.e., strong, powerful, broad-shouldered))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dundubhīgrīva

dundubhīgrīva - having a neck like a drum (i.e., strong, powerful, broad-shouldered)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dundubhi+grīva)

• dundubhi – a drum, kettle-drum
  noun (masculine)
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (feminine)

Note: Modifies 'ṛṣabham'.

तीक्ष्णशृङ्गम् (tīkṣṇaśṛṅgam) - sharp-horned (sharp-horned, having sharp horns)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇaśṛṅga

tīkṣṇaśṛṅga - sharp-horned, having sharp horns

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tīkṣṇa+śṛṅga)

• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, piercing
  adjective (masculine)
• śṛṅga – horn, peak, summit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'ṛṣabham'.

प्रहारिणम् (prahāriṇam) - a fierce striking ability (striking, smiting, assailant, warrior)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahārin

prahārin - striking, smiting, assailant, warrior

Derived from 'prahāra' (blow, attack) with suffix '-in' denoting possession.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ṛṣabham'.

वत्स (vatsa) - O calf (used pejoratively for Karṇa, implying weakness) (a calf, a child (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - a calf, a child (term of endearment)

Note: Refers to Karṇa, implying his inferiority.

आह्वयसे (āhvayase) - you challenge (you challenge, you invoke, you call out)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of āhvā

Present Middle Indicative

From root √hvā (to call) with prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, combat

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates the location of the action.

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa (Karṇa (proper name); ear)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name); ear

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (descendant of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - descendant of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

धनन्जयम् (dhananjayam) - Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna) (conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhananjaya

dhananjaya - conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)