महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-27, verse-40

सुपर्णं पतगश्रेष्ठं वैनतेयं तरस्विनम् ।
लट्वेवाह्वयसे पाते कर्ण पार्थं धनंजयम् ॥४०॥

40. suparṇaṁ patagaśreṣṭhaṁ vainateyaṁ tarasvinam ,
laṭvevāhvayase pāte karṇa pārthaṁ dhanaṁjayam.

40. suparṇam patagaśreṣṭham vainateyam tarasvinam
laṭvā iva āhvayase pāte karṇa pārtham dhananjayam

40. karṇa suparṇam patagaśreṣṭham vainateyam tarasvinam
pārtham dhananjayam pāte laṭvā iva āhvayase

40. O Karṇa, you challenge Pārtha Dhanaṃjaya, who is like Suparṇa, the best of birds, the mighty Vainateya (Garuda), just as a quail challenges (such a bird) at the moment of its own fall.

Words meanings summery:

• सुपर्णम् (suparṇam) - Suparṇa (Garuda, metaphor for Arjuna) (having beautiful wings, well-winged; a large bird (especially Garuda))

• पतगश्रेष्ठम् (patagaśreṣṭham) - the best of birds (best of birds, chief of birds)

• वैनतेयम् (vainateyam) - Vainateya (Garuda) (son of Vinatā (referring to Garuda))

• तरस्विनम् (tarasvinam) - mighty (mighty, powerful, swift, strong)

• लट्वा (laṭvā) - a quail (a quail (bird))

• इव (iva) - as if, like (like, as if, similar to)

• आह्वयसे (āhvayase) - you challenge (you challenge, you invoke, you call out)

• पाते (pāte) - at the moment of its (own) fall (in a fall, at a descent, in ruin)

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa (Karṇa (proper name); ear)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (descendant of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna)

• धनन्जयम् (dhananjayam) - Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna) (conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

सुपर्णम् (suparṇam) - Suparṇa (Garuda, metaphor for Arjuna) (having beautiful wings, well-winged; a large bird (especially Garuda))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suparṇa

suparṇa - having beautiful wings, well-winged; a large bird (especially Garuda)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+parṇa)

• su – good, excellent, well
  indeclinable
• parṇa – wing, feather; leaf
  noun (neuter)

पतगश्रेष्ठम् (patagaśreṣṭham) - the best of birds (best of birds, chief of birds)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patagaśreṣṭha

patagaśreṣṭha - best of birds, chief of birds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pataga+śreṣṭha)

• pataga – bird (literally 'moving in flight')
  noun (masculine)
  From root √pat (to fly) + suffix -ga.
  Root: pat (class 1)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, superior
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy).

वैनतेयम् (vainateyam) - Vainateya (Garuda) (son of Vinatā (referring to Garuda))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vainateya

vainateya - son of Vinatā (referring to Garuda)

Patronymic from Vinatā.

तरस्विनम् (tarasvinam) - mighty (mighty, powerful, swift, strong)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tarasvin

tarasvin - mighty, powerful, swift, strong

Derived from 'taras' (speed, vigor) with suffix '-vin'.

Note: Modifies Pārtha/Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna).

लट्वा (laṭvā) - a quail (a quail (bird))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of laṭvā

laṭvā - a quail (bird)

Note: Used in comparison to Karṇa.

इव (iva) - as if, like (like, as if, similar to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms a simile.

आह्वयसे (āhvayase) - you challenge (you challenge, you invoke, you call out)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of āhvā

Present Middle Indicative

From root √hvā (to call) with prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

पाते (pāte) - at the moment of its (own) fall (in a fall, at a descent, in ruin)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāta

pāta - fall, descent, ruin, destruction

From root √pat (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Refers to the quail's fall or ruin, emphasizing the foolishness of the challenge.

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa (Karṇa (proper name); ear)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name); ear

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (descendant of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - descendant of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

धनन्जयम् (dhananjayam) - Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna) (conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhananjaya

dhananjaya - conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)