महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-27, verse-28

कर्ण उवाच ।
स्ववीर्येऽहं पराश्वस्य प्रार्थयाम्यर्जुनं रणे ।
त्वं तु मित्रमुखः शत्रुर्मां भीषयितुमिच्छसि ॥२८॥

28. karṇa uvāca ,
svavīrye'haṁ parāśvasya prārthayāmyarjunaṁ raṇe ,
tvaṁ tu mitramukhaḥ śatrurmāṁ bhīṣayitumicchasi.

28. karṇaḥ uvāca | svavīrye aham parāśvasya prārthayāmi arjunam
raṇe | tvam tu mitramukhaḥ śatruḥ mām bhīṣayitum icchasi

28. karṇaḥ uvāca aham svavīrye parāśvasya raṇe arjunam
prārthayāmi tvam tu mitramukhaḥ śatruḥ mām bhīṣayitum icchasi

28. Karṇa said: 'Relying on my own valor, I challenge Arjuna in battle. But you, an enemy with a friendly face, wish to frighten me.'

Words meanings summery:

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स्ववीर्ये (svavīrye) - in one's own valor, in one's own strength

• अहम् (aham) - I

• पराश्वस्य (parāśvasya) - relying on, trusting in

• प्रार्थयामि (prārthayāmi) - I challenge, I request, I seek

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• मित्रमुखः (mitramukhaḥ) - having a friendly face, with the face of a friend

• शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy

• माम् (mām) - me

• भीषयितुम् (bhīṣayitum) - to frighten, to intimidate

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

Words meanings and morphology

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

स्ववीर्ये (svavīrye) - in one's own valor, in one's own strength

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svavīrya

svavīrya - one's own valor, one's own strength

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+vīrya)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• vīrya – valor, strength, energy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially, 'relying on'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Subject of 'prārthayāmi'.

पराश्वस्य (parāśvasya) - relying on, trusting in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāśva

parāśva - relying on, trusting in

Derived from para + √aś (to obtain, occupy). Here used in sense of relying or depending.

Prefix: parā

Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Often means 'having other horses' or 'depending on others' horses'. Here in context 'svavīrye' it means 'relying on' one's own.

प्रार्थयामि (prārthayāmi) - I challenge, I request, I seek

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prārth

Derived from pra- + √arth (to desire, to strive)

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

Note: Object of 'prārthayāmi'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of 'icchasi'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrast.

मित्रमुखः (mitramukhaḥ) - having a friendly face, with the face of a friend

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitramukha

mitramukha - friendly-faced, having a friend's appearance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mitra+mukha)

• mitra – friend
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'śatruḥ' and 'tvam'.

शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'bhīṣayitum'.

भीषयितुम् (bhīṣayitum) - to frighten, to intimidate

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of causative of √bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Purpose infinitive, depends on 'icchasi'.

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)