महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-27, verse-20

परासृजसि मिथ्या किं किं च त्वं बहु मूढवत् ।
अपात्रदाने ये दोषास्तान्मोहान्नावबुध्यसे ॥२०॥

20. parāsṛjasi mithyā kiṁ kiṁ ca tvaṁ bahu mūḍhavat ,
apātradāne ye doṣāstānmohānnāvabudhyase.

20. parāsṛjasi mithyā kim kim ca tvam bahu mūḍhavat
| apātradāne ye doṣāḥ tān mohāt na avabudhyase

20. tvam mūḍhavat kim kim ca bahu mithyā parāsṛjasi? mohāt apātradāne ye doṣāḥ tān na avabudhyase.

20. Why do you, like a fool, create so many falsehoods? Due to delusion (moha), you do not understand the faults (doṣa) that arise from giving (dāna) to an unworthy person.

Words meanings summery:

• परासृजसि (parāsṛjasi) - you create (falsehoods) (you utter, you create, you spread)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsehoods (falsely, wrongly, untrue, falsehood)

• किम् (kim) - why (interrogative particle) (why, what, whether)

• किम् (kim) - why (interrogative particle) (why, what, whether)

• च (ca) - and, also

• त्वम् (tvam) - (Karna) (you)

• बहु (bahu) - so much, greatly (much, many, greatly)

• मूढवत् (mūḍhavat) - like a fool, foolishly

• अपात्रदाने (apātradāne) - in giving to an unworthy person, by giving to an unworthy person

• ये (ye) - that (referring to 'doṣāḥ') (who, which (plural))

• दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects, evils

• तान् (tān) - those faults (them (masculine plural accusative))

• मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, due to delusion

• न (na) - not, no

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

Words meanings and morphology

परासृजसि (parāsṛjasi) - you create (falsehoods) (you utter, you create, you spread)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of parā-sṛj

Prefix: parā

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: The meaning 'to utter/create' fits the context of 'mithyā'.

मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsehoods (falsely, wrongly, untrue, falsehood)

(indeclinable)

Note: It is used as an adverb here, 'falsely'.

किम् (kim) - why (interrogative particle) (why, what, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition of 'kim' ('kim kim ca') emphasizes the question, akin to 'why, why' or 'how much'.

किम् (kim) - why (interrogative particle) (why, what, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition of 'kim' ('kim kim ca') emphasizes the question, akin to 'why, why' or 'how much'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the repeated 'kim'.

त्वम् (tvam) - (Karna) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

बहु (bahu) - so much, greatly (much, many, greatly)

(adjective)

of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, great

Note: Functions adverbially to modify 'parāsṛjasi' or 'mithyā'.

मूढवत् (mūḍhavat) - like a fool, foolishly

(indeclinable)

from mūḍha (foolish) + vat (suffix 'like/as')

Note: Functions adverbially.

अपात्रदाने (apātradāne) - in giving to an unworthy person, by giving to an unworthy person

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of apātradāna

apātradāna - giving to an unworthy person

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+pātra+dāna)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• pātra – vessel, recipient, worthy person, suitable person
  noun (neuter)
• dāna – giving, gift, donation
  noun (neuter)
  action noun from root √dā
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the context or circumstance of the action.

ये (ye) - that (referring to 'doṣāḥ') (who, which (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'doṣāḥ'.

दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects, evils

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin, evil, error

Root: duṣ (class 4)

तान् (tān) - those faults (them (masculine plural accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun)

Note: Refers back to 'doṣāḥ'.

मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, due to delusion

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, bewilderment, ignorance

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation.

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ava-budh

Middle voice (ātmanepada) form.

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: The prefix 'ava' often means 'down' or 'thoroughly', here enhancing 'to understand'.