महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-27, verse-54

गुणान्गुणवतः शल्य गुणवान्वेत्ति नागुणः ।
त्वं तु नित्यं गुणैर्हीनः किं ज्ञास्यस्यगुणो गुणान् ॥५४॥

54. guṇānguṇavataḥ śalya guṇavānvetti nāguṇaḥ ,
tvaṁ tu nityaṁ guṇairhīnaḥ kiṁ jñāsyasyaguṇo guṇān.

54. guṇān guṇavataḥ śalya guṇavān vetti na aguṇaḥ tvam
tu nityam guṇaiḥ hīnaḥ kim jñāsyasi aguṇaḥ guṇān

54. śalya,
guṇavān guṇavataḥ guṇān vetti,
aguṇaḥ na vetti tvam tu nityam guṇaiḥ hīnaḥ,
aguṇaḥ kim guṇān jñāsyasi

54. O Śalya, a person possessing merits recognizes the merits of another meritorious person, not one who lacks them. But you are always devoid of good qualities; how will you, being without qualities, ever comprehend qualities?

Words meanings summery:

• गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, merits, virtues

• गुणवतः (guṇavataḥ) - of one possessing qualities, of a meritorious person

• शल्य (śalya) - O Salya

• गुणवान् (guṇavān) - one possessing qualities, meritorious

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

• न (na) - not, no

• अगुणः (aguṇaḥ) - one without qualities, devoid of merits

• त्वम् (tvam) - You (Śalya) (you)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, from qualities

• हीनः (hīnaḥ) - devoid of, lacking, abandoned

• किम् (kim) - how (what, how, why (interrogative particle))

• ज्ञास्यसि (jñāsyasi) - you will know, you will understand

• अगुणः (aguṇaḥ) - one without qualities, devoid of merits

• गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, merits, virtues

Words meanings and morphology

गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, merits, virtues

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, merit, strand, category

गुणवतः (guṇavataḥ) - of one possessing qualities, of a meritorious person

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessing qualities, meritorious, virtuous

Derived from 'guṇa' with the possessive suffix '-vat'.

शल्य (śalya) - O Salya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Salya (name of a king)

गुणवान् (guṇavān) - one possessing qualities, meritorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessing qualities, meritorious, virtuous

Derived from 'guṇa' with the possessive suffix '-vat'.

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of vid

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (from root 'vid', class 2, 'adādi' group).

Root: vid (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अगुणः (aguṇaḥ) - one without qualities, devoid of merits

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aguṇa

aguṇa - without qualities, devoid of merits, fault, defect

Formed by negative prefix 'a-' + 'guṇa'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+guṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, attribute, merit
  noun (masculine)

त्वम् (tvam) - You (Śalya) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (singular)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially here.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities, from qualities

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, merit, strand

हीनः (hīnaḥ) - devoid of, lacking, abandoned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - abandoned, left, deficient, low, inferior, devoid of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon, forsake).

Root: hā (class 3)

किम् (kim) - how (what, how, why (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

ज्ञास्यसि (jñāsyasi) - you will know, you will understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of jñā

Future tense, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: jñā (class 9)

अगुणः (aguṇaḥ) - one without qualities, devoid of merits

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aguṇa

aguṇa - without qualities, devoid of merits, fault, defect

Formed by negative prefix 'a-' + 'guṇa'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+guṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, attribute, merit
  noun (masculine)

गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities, merits, virtues

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, merit, strand, category