महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-103, verse-91

पातयैनं रथात्पार्थ वज्राहतमिव द्रुमम् ।
नाहत्वा युधि गाङ्गेयं विजयस्ते भविष्यति ॥९१॥

91. pātayainaṁ rathātpārtha vajrāhatamiva drumam ,
nāhatvā yudhi gāṅgeyaṁ vijayaste bhaviṣyati.

91. pātaya enam rathāt pārtha vajrāhatam iva drumam
na āhatvā yudhi gāṅgeyam vijayaḥ te bhaviṣyati

91. pārtha enam rathāt vajrāhatam drumam iva pātaya
yudhi gāṅgeyam āhatvā na te vijayaḥ bhaviṣyati

91. O Pārtha, strike him down from the chariot, like a tree struck by a thunderbolt. Your victory will not be achieved without defeating Gaṅgeya in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• पातय (pātaya) - strike him down (make fall, strike down, throw down)

• एनम् (enam) - him (Bhīṣma) (him, this one)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

• वज्राहतम् (vajrāhatam) - struck by a thunderbolt

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्रुमम् (drumam) - tree

• न (na) - not, no

• आहत्वा (āhatvā) - without defeating/killing (having struck down, having killed)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhīṣma (son of Gaṅgā, Bhīṣma)

• विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph

• ते (te) - your (to you, your)

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will happen

Words meanings and morphology

पातय (pātaya) - strike him down (make fall, strike down, throw down)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √pat

Causative Imperative

From root 'pat' (to fall), in causative sense 'to cause to fall'. Imperative 2nd person singular.

Root: pat (class 1)

एनम् (enam) - him (Bhīṣma) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that (pronoun, typically used with demonstrative function)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); a name for Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) + aṇ (patronymic suffix).

वज्राहतम् (vajrāhatam) - struck by a thunderbolt

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vajrāhata

vajrāhata - struck by a thunderbolt

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vajra+āhata)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• āhata – struck, killed, beaten
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā-√han (to strike).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'drumam'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

द्रुमम् (drumam) - tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Note: Object of 'pātaya'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आहत्वा (āhatvā) - without defeating/killing (having struck down, having killed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from ā-√han (to strike) + tvā suffix. Implies 'without having struck...' when negated.

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhīṣma (son of Gaṅgā, Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Gaṅgā; a name for Bhīṣma

From Gaṅgā + ḍhak (patronymic suffix).

Note: Object of 'āhatvā'.

विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From vi-√ji (to conquer).

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bhaviṣyati'.

ते (te) - your (to you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Expresses possession ('your victory').

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will happen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of √bhū

Future Tense

From root 'bhū' (to be, become). Future 3rd person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)