महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-103, verse-49

तं चेत्पितामहं वृद्धं हन्तुमिच्छामि माधव ।
पितुः पितरमिष्टं वै धिगस्तु क्षत्रजीविकाम् ॥४९॥

49. taṁ cetpitāmahaṁ vṛddhaṁ hantumicchāmi mādhava ,
pituḥ pitaramiṣṭaṁ vai dhigastu kṣatrajīvikām.

49. tam cet pitāmaham vṛddham hantum icchāmi mādhava
pituḥ pitaram iṣṭam vai dhik astu kṣatra-jīvikām

49. mādhava,
cet tam vṛddham pituḥ iṣṭam pitaram vai pitāmaham hantum icchāmi kṣatra-jīvikām dhik astu

49. O Madhava (Krishna), if I wish to kill that old grandfather, the beloved father of my father, then shame be upon the warrior's profession (kṣatra-jīvikā)!

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Bhishma. (him, that)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhishma. (grandfather)

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - old, aged, grown

• हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill, to strike

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

• माधव (mādhava) - Vocative addressing Krishna. (O Madhava)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - Of my father (Pandu). (of the father)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - Grandfather (father's father), specifying relation to Pandu. (father)

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired, beloved, worshipped

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly

• धिक् (dhik) - shame, woe, fie upon

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• क्षत्र-जीविकाम् (kṣatra-jīvikām) - warrior's profession/livelihood

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Bhishma. (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhishma. (grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

Compound: pitṛ (father) + maha (great) or derived from pitā-maha (father of father).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large, illustrious
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of hantum.

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - old, aged, grown

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pitāmaham.

हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill, to strike

(verb)

active, infinitive of han

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root √han (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: han (class 2)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish, I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Active

Present tense (laṭ) of root √iṣ (6th class, Parasmaipada)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

माधव (mādhava) - Vocative addressing Krishna. (O Madhava)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, epithet of Krishna/Vishnu

Patronymic from Madhu

पितुः (pituḥ) - Of my father (Pandu). (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

पितरम् (pitaram) - Grandfather (father's father), specifying relation to Pandu. (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of hantum; in apposition to pitāmaham.

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - desired, beloved, worshipped

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, beloved, worshipped, sacrificed

Past Passive Participle

From root √iṣ (to desire, wish), or √yaj (to sacrifice). Here, 'beloved' from √iṣ.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with pitaram.

वै (vai) - indeed, truly

(indeclinable)

धिक् (dhik) - shame, woe, fie upon

(indeclinable)

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Imperative Active

Imperative tense (loṭ) of root √as (2nd class, Parasmaipada)

Root: as (class 2)

क्षत्र-जीविकाम् (kṣatra-jīvikām) - warrior's profession/livelihood

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṣatra-jīvikā

kṣatra-jīvikā - warrior's livelihood, military profession

Compound: kṣatra (warrior class) + jīvikā (livelihood). A Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatra+jīvikā)

• kṣatra – the warrior class, valor, dominion
  noun (neuter)
• jīvikā – livelihood, means of subsistence, profession
  noun (feminine)
  From root √jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)