महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-103, verse-45

स हि राज्यस्य मे दाता मन्त्रस्यैव च माधव ।
तस्माद्देवव्रतं भूयो वधोपायार्थमात्मनः ।
भवता सहिताः सर्वे पृच्छामो मधुसूदन ॥४५॥

45. sa hi rājyasya me dātā mantrasyaiva ca mādhava ,
tasmāddevavrataṁ bhūyo vadhopāyārthamātmanaḥ ,
bhavatā sahitāḥ sarve pṛcchāmo madhusūdana.

45. saḥ hi rājyasya me dātā mantrasya
eva ca mādhava tasmāt devavratam bhūyaḥ
vadhopāyārtham ātmanaḥ bhavatā
sahitāḥ sarve pṛcchāmaḥ madhusūdana

45. mādhava (iti): saḥ hi me rājyasya dātā,
ca (ahaṃ) mantrasya eva (dātā) (asmi) tasmāt madhusūdana,
sarve bhavatā sahitāḥ (vayam),
ātmanaḥ vadha-upāya-artham devavratam bhūyaḥ pṛcchāmaḥ

45. Indeed, he (Duryodhana) is the one who provides my sustenance from his kingdom, and I am also the source of counsel, O Mādhava. Therefore, O Madhusūdana, all of us, together with you, shall again ask Devavrata (Bhishma himself) for the means to my own death.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed, verily (indeed, verily, because)

• राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom (as a source of sustenance) (of the kingdom, of sovereignty)

• मे (me) - my (sustenance, implied) (my, of me, to me)

• दाता (dātā) - one who provides (giver, bestower)

• मन्त्रस्य (mantrasya) - of counsel/advice (that Bhishma offers) (of counsel, of advice, of sacred verse)

• एव (eva) - also, indeed (only, indeed, just, very)

• च (ca) - and, also

• माधव (mādhava) - Referring to Krishna (O Mādhava (an epithet of Krishna))

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• देवव्रतम् (devavratam) - Bhishma, referring to himself in the third person (Devavrata (another name for Bhishma))

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further (again, further, moreover)

• वधोपायार्थम् (vadhopāyārtham) - for the sake of finding a way to kill (me) (for the purpose of the means of killing)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of my own (death) (of oneself, of the self (ātman))

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (Krishna) (by you (polite form))

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - together with (you) (accompanied, joined, together with)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all of us (Bhishma and the Pandavas) (all, every)

• पृच्छामः (pṛcchāmaḥ) - we ask, we inquire

• मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - Referring to Krishna (O Slayer of Madhu (epithet of Krishna))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

हि (hi) - indeed, verily (indeed, verily, because)

(indeclinable)

राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the kingdom (as a source of sustenance) (of the kingdom, of sovereignty)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

From rājan (king) + ṣyañ

Root: rāj (class 1)

मे (me) - my (sustenance, implied) (my, of me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of genitive/dative singular.

दाता (dātā) - one who provides (giver, bestower)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, bestower, donor

agent noun

From root dā (class 3) with tṛc suffix

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

मन्त्रस्य (mantrasya) - of counsel/advice (that Bhishma offers) (of counsel, of advice, of sacred verse)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mantra

mantra - counsel, advice, sacred utterance (mantra), plan

From root mantr (to advise, to think)

Root: mantr (class 10)

Note: Refers to the advice given by Bhishma.

एव (eva) - also, indeed (only, indeed, just, very)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

माधव (mādhava) - Referring to Krishna (O Mādhava (an epithet of Krishna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - Descendant of Madhu, lord of Lakṣmī, an epithet of Krishna

Note: Direct address to Krishna.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Functions as an adverb "therefore".

देवव्रतम् (devavratam) - Bhishma, referring to himself in the third person (Devavrata (another name for Bhishma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devavrata

devavrata - Devavrata (Bhishma's original name, meaning 'devoted to the gods' vow')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi (deva+vrata)

• deva – god, divine
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of pṛcchāmaḥ.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Comparative adverb of bahu (much)

वधोपायार्थम् (vadhopāyārtham) - for the sake of finding a way to kill (me) (for the purpose of the means of killing)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vadhopāyārtha

vadhopāyārtha - for the purpose of the means of killing

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vadha+upāya+artha)

• vadha – killing, slaughter
  noun (masculine)
  Root: han (class 2)
• upāya – means, expedient, method
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)
• artha – purpose, sake, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially "for the purpose of".

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of my own (death) (of oneself, of the self (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit (ātman), essence, life

Note: Refers to Bhishma himself.

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (Krishna) (by you (polite form))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (polite address)

present active participle

From root bhū (to be) + śatṛ suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Politeness marker for "you".

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - together with (you) (accompanied, joined, together with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

From sahita (verbal root sah + ita suffix) or sa-hita (with good)

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with sarve.

सर्वे (sarve) - all of us (Bhishma and the Pandavas) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to Bhishma, Krishna, and the Pandavas.

पृच्छामः (pṛcchāmaḥ) - we ask, we inquire

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prach

present tense

1st person plural, present, active voice, from root prach (class 6)

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Subject is sarve (we all).

मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - Referring to Krishna (O Slayer of Madhu (epithet of Krishna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - Slayer of Madhu (epithet of Krishna/Vishnu)

Compound: madhu (name of a demon) + sūdana (slayer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or aluk-samāsa (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – Madhu (name of a demon)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sūdana – slayer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root sūd (to kill)
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Direct address to Krishna.

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