महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-103, verse-58

कथं जयेम धर्मज्ञ कथं राज्यं लभेमहि ।
प्रजानां संक्षयो न स्यात्कथं तन्मे वदाभिभो ॥५८॥

58. kathaṁ jayema dharmajña kathaṁ rājyaṁ labhemahi ,
prajānāṁ saṁkṣayo na syātkathaṁ tanme vadābhibho.

58. katham jayema dharmajña katham rājyam labhemahi
prajānām saṃkṣayaḥ na syāt katham tat me vada abhibho

58. dharmajña abhibho katham jayema katham rājyam
labhemahi prajānām saṃkṣayaḥ na syāt tat katham me vada

58. "O knower of natural law (dharma), how may we achieve victory? How may we regain the kingdom? And how can it be that there is no destruction of the subjects? Tell me that, O lord."

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• जयेम (jayema) - may we achieve victory (may we conquer, may we win)

• धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma) (addressing Bhishma) (O knower of dharma, O righteous one)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (which was lost) (kingdom, reign, sovereignty)

• लभेमहि (labhemahi) - may we regain (the kingdom) (may we obtain, may we receive)

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the subjects (of the kingdom) (of the subjects, of the people)

• संक्षयः (saṁkṣayaḥ) - destruction (of the subjects) (destruction, loss, decrease)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• स्यात् (syāt) - it may be (it may be, let it be)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• तत् (tat) - that (matter, i.e., how to prevent destruction) (that, it)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

• वद (vada) - tell (tell, speak)

• अभिभो (abhibho) - O lord (addressing Bhishma) (O lord, O master)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

जयेम (jayema) - may we achieve victory (may we conquer, may we win)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of ji

Optative Active

Root 'ji' (1st class), optative mood, 1st person plural active.

Root: ji (class 1)

धर्मज्ञ (dharmajña) - O knower of natural law (dharma) (addressing Bhishma) (O knower of dharma, O righteous one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, righteous, virtuous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jñā' (to know) + -a suffix.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (which was lost) (kingdom, reign, sovereignty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, kingship

Note: Object of labhemahi.

लभेमहि (labhemahi) - may we regain (the kingdom) (may we obtain, may we receive)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, optative (liṅ) of labh

Optative Middle

Root 'labh' (1st class), optative mood, 1st person plural middle voice.

Root: labh (class 1)

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the subjects (of the kingdom) (of the subjects, of the people)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, subjects, people, creation

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

संक्षयः (saṁkṣayaḥ) - destruction (of the subjects) (destruction, loss, decrease)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkṣaya

saṁkṣaya - destruction, annihilation, loss, decrease

From sam-√kṣi (to destroy, diminish) + -a suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Subject of syāt.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - it may be (it may be, let it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Active

Root 'as' (2nd class), optative mood, 3rd person singular active.

Root: as (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (matter, i.e., how to prevent destruction) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of vada.

मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

वद (vada) - tell (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vad

Imperative Active

Root 'vad' (1st class), imperative mood, 2nd person singular active.

Root: vad (class 1)

अभिभो (abhibho) - O lord (addressing Bhishma) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of abhibhu

abhibhu - lord, master, conqueror

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)