महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-103, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
युध्यतामेव तेषां तु भास्करेऽस्तमुपागते ।
संध्या समभवद्घोरा नापश्याम ततो रणम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
yudhyatāmeva teṣāṁ tu bhāskare'stamupāgate ,
saṁdhyā samabhavadghorā nāpaśyāma tato raṇam.

1. saṃjaya uvāca yudhyatām eva teṣām tu bhāskare astam
upāgate saṃdhyā samabhavat ghorā na apaśyāma tataḥ raṇam

1. saṃjaya uvāca teṣām yudhyatām eva tu bhāskare astam
upāgate ghorā saṃdhyā samabhavat tataḥ raṇam na apaśyāma

1. Sañjaya said: As they were indeed fighting, with the sun having set, a dreadful twilight (saṃdhyā) arose. Thereafter, we could no longer see the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - of those fighting

• एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the warriors on both sides (of them)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• भास्करे (bhāskare) - in the sun, when the sun

• अस्तम् (astam) - to set, disappearance

• उपागते (upāgate) - having set (referring to the sun) (having approached, having gone, having set)

• संध्या (saṁdhyā) - twilight, evening, junction period

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, occurred, became

• घोरा (ghorā) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

• न (na) - not

• अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we could not see (we saw (not))

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter, then

• रणम् (raṇam) - battle, war, combat

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - of those fighting

(verbal derivative)

Note: Agrees with 'teṣām'

एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Refers to the warriors on both sides (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

भास्करे (bhāskare) - in the sun, when the sun

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun (lit. 'light-maker')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, luster, splendor
  noun (neuter)
• kara – maker, doing, causing
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of Locative Absolute construction

अस्तम् (astam) - to set, disappearance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asta

asta - setting (of the sun), disappearance, western mountain

Note: Used with 'upāgate' to mean 'set'

उपागते (upāgate) - having set (referring to the sun) (having approached, having gone, having set)

(verbal derivative)

Note: Agrees with 'bhāskare'. Part of Locative Absolute construction.

संध्या (saṁdhyā) - twilight, evening, junction period

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃdhyā

saṁdhyā - twilight, junction of day and night, evening (saṃdhyā)

समभवत् (samabhavat) - arose, occurred, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

घोरा (ghorā) - dreadful, terrible, fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, formidable, fierce

Note: Agrees with 'saṃdhyā'

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अपश्याम (apaśyāma) - we could not see (we saw (not))

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Root forms 'paśya' in present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Augment 'a' indicates imperfect tense.

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter, then

(indeclinable)

रणम् (raṇam) - battle, war, combat

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war, combat