महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-61, verse-64

धन्विनां नृपशार्दूल यः स सर्वास्त्रवित्तमः ।
बृहत्कीर्तिर्महातेजाः संजज्ञे मनुजेष्विह ॥६४॥

64. dhanvināṁ nṛpaśārdūla yaḥ sa sarvāstravittamaḥ ,
bṛhatkīrtirmahātejāḥ saṁjajñe manujeṣviha.

64. dhanvinām nṛpaśārdūla yaḥ saḥ sarvāstravittamaḥ
bṛhatkīrtiḥ mahātejāḥ saṁjajñe manujeṣu iha

64. O tiger among kings, he who was the foremost among all archers and the most skilled in all weapons, of immense fame and great splendor, was born here among men.

Words meanings summery:

• धन्विनाम् (dhanvinām) - Establishes Droṇa's preeminence in archery. (of archers, among archers)

• नृपशार्दूल (nṛpaśārdūla) - Addressed to the listener, a high compliment. (O tiger among kings, O best of kings)

• यः (yaḥ) - Relative pronoun referring to Droṇa. (who, which)

• सः (saḥ) - Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ', referring to Droṇa. (he, that)

• सर्वास्त्रवित्तमः (sarvāstravittamaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's unparalleled expertise in weaponry. (most skilled in all weapons, best knower of all missiles)

• बृहत्कीर्तिः (bṛhatkīrtiḥ) - Describes Droṇa's extensive renown. (of great fame)

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - Describes Droṇa's inherent power and radiance. (of great prowess, mighty, very brilliant)

• संजज्ञे (saṁjajñe) - Describes Droṇa's incarnation among men. (was born, appeared, came into being)

• मनुजेषु (manujeṣu) - The human realm where Droṇa was born. (among men, in men)

• इह (iha) - Specifies the earthly realm. (here, in this world)

Words meanings and morphology

धन्विनाम् (dhanvinām) - Establishes Droṇa's preeminence in archery. (of archers, among archers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhanvin

dhanvin - archer, bowman, possessing a bow

possessive suffix -vin

From 'dhanus' (bow) with 'vin' suffix.

Note: Often used for comparison (e.g., best among archers).

नृपशार्दूल (nṛpaśārdūla) - Addressed to the listener, a high compliment. (O tiger among kings, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpaśārdūla

nṛpaśārdūla - tiger among kings, best of kings, excellent king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nṛpa+śārdūla)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
  From 'nṛ' (man) and 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)
• śārdūla – tiger; excellent, foremost (as a suffix)
  noun (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - Relative pronoun referring to Droṇa. (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

सः (saḥ) - Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ', referring to Droṇa. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

सर्वास्त्रवित्तमः (sarvāstravittamaḥ) - Describes Droṇa's unparalleled expertise in weaponry. (most skilled in all weapons, best knower of all missiles)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvāstravittama

sarvāstravittama - best knower of all weapons, most skilled in all missiles

superlative suffix

From 'sarvāstravid' (knower of all weapons) with 'tama' (superlative) suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+astra+vid)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• astra – missile, weapon
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)
• vid – knower, one who knows
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root 'vid' (to know) with 'kvip' suffix.
  Root: vid (class 2)

बृहत्कीर्तिः (bṛhatkīrtiḥ) - Describes Droṇa's extensive renown. (of great fame)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhatkīrti

bṛhatkīrti - of great fame, greatly renowned

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bṛhat+kīrti)

• bṛhat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• kīrti – fame, glory, renown
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṛt

Note: Adjective agreeing with Droṇa.

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - Describes Droṇa's inherent power and radiance. (of great prowess, mighty, very brilliant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - of great splendor, very powerful, mighty, illustrious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, brilliance, energy, power, spiritual power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tij

Note: Adjective agreeing with Droṇa.

संजज्ञे (saṁjajñe) - Describes Droṇa's incarnation among men. (was born, appeared, came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of saṁjan

perfect

Reduplicated perfect.

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The prefix 'sam' emphasizes completeness or intensity.

मनुजेषु (manujeṣu) - The human realm where Droṇa was born. (among men, in men)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of manuja

manuja - man, human being, born from Manu

Compound: Manu + ja (born from).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manu+ja)

• manu – Manu (progenitor of mankind); man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 8)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  suffix
  From root 'jan' (to be born) with suffix 'ḍa'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

इह (iha) - Specifies the earthly realm. (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)